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Insulin Management in Type 1 Diabetes

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Handbook of Insulin Therapies

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, primarily due to autoimmune-related destruction of pancreatic islet cells. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults but can occur at any age. The rate of ß-cell death is variable and individuals are usually clinically symptomatic when nearly 70–80 % of pancreatic ß cell mass is depleted. Treatment with exogenous insulin is lifesaving and ensures survival. Globally, the prevalence of T1DM is growing at approximately 3 % per year (Fig. 5.1). Incidence rates show a wide geographic variation and of the estimated 497,100 children worldwide with T1DM, 26 % live in Northern Europe, followed by 22 % in North America and the Caribbean. In the last decade, rising incidence has been observed in parts of India, Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa. The global increase in the numbers of individuals diagnosed with T1DM therefore has implications both for health-care resources and cost of management and places a greater demand on diabetologists, diabetes specialist nurses, dieticians, and primary care health-care professionals.

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Further Reading

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, United Kingdom

    Winston Crasto

  2. Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom

    Janet Jarvis & Melanie J. Davies

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Crasto, W., Jarvis, J., Davies, M.J. (2016). Insulin Management in Type 1 Diabetes. In: Handbook of Insulin Therapies. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10939-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10939-8_5

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