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Lessons from the Local Group (and Beyond) on Dark Matter

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Lessons from the Local Group

Abstract

The existence of exotic dark matter particles outside the standard model of particle physics constitutes a central hypothesis of the current standard model of cosmology (SMoC). Using a wide range of observational data I outline why this hypothesis cannot be correct for the real Universe. Assuming the SMoC to hold, (i) the two types of dwarf galaxies, the primordial dwarfs with dark matter and the tidal dwarf galaxies without dark matter, ought to present clear observational differences. But in fact there is no observational evidence for two separate families of dwarfs, neither in terms of their location relative to the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation nor in terms of their radius–mass relation. This result is illuminated by the arrangements of the satellite galaxies around host galaxies for which we have data: the arrangements in rotating disk-of-satellites, in particular around the Milky Way and Andromeda, has been found to be only consistent with most if not all dwarf satellite galaxies being tidal dwarf galaxies. The predicted large numbers of independently or in-group accreted, dark-matter-dominated primordial dwarfs are most inconspicuously absent around the Milky Way in particular. The highly symmetric structure of the entire Local Group too is inconsistent with its galaxies stemming from a stochastic merger-driven hierarchical buildup over cosmic time. (ii) Dynamical friction on the expansive and massive dark matter halos is not evident in the data: the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way with proper motion measurements have no infall solutions as they would merge with the MW if they have dark matter halos, and galaxy groups such as the M81 group are found to not merge on the short time scales implied if each galaxy has a dark matter halo. Taking the various lines of evidence together, the hypothesis that dynamically relevant exotic dark matter exists needs to be firmly rejected.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Noteworthy is that the evidence provided in the year 2012 which are claimed to falsify the SMoC (Kroupa 2012) have, to this date, not been countered by the community but have instead been strengthened by recent progress (Ibata et al. 2014; Pawlowski et al. 2014; Kroupa 2014).

  2. 2.

    Although Kroupa (1997) suggested that the high \(M/L\) ratios of the dSph satellite galaxies may be due to repeated tidal shaping of the stellar phase-space velocity distribution function in a Newtonian universe, this process is unlikely to account for all dSph satellite galaxies because they are on very different orbits. Consequently, non-Newtonian dynamics is required to account for the observed dynamical masses of all dwarf satellites.

  3. 3.

    This would imply, essentially, that the table in my dining room would know it exists in the MW DM halo rather than in the DM halo of the Large Magellanic Cloud, in violation of the required fundamental property of DM particles which are supposed to not interact, apart maybe weakly, with the particles of the standard model of particle physics.

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Acknowledgements

I thank Ken Freeman for organizing this conference on the Seychelles. It will remain memorable for decades to come. I also thank David Block and Bruce Elmegreen for being around so actively and for so many years such that we could have this splendidly luxurious meeting to honor both of them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Institut für Kern und Strahlenphysik, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14–16, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Pavel Kroupa

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  1. Pavel Kroupa
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Correspondence to Pavel Kroupa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Kenneth Freeman

  2. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA

    Bruce Elmegreen

  3. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    David Block

  4. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Matthew Woolway

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Kroupa, P. (2015). Lessons from the Local Group (and Beyond) on Dark Matter. In: Freeman, K., Elmegreen, B., Block, D., Woolway, M. (eds) Lessons from the Local Group. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10614-4_28

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