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Structure and Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies

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Book cover Lessons from the Local Group

Abstract

Different structural parameter correlations show how classical bulge components and elliptical galaxies are different from spiral and S0 galaxy disks, irregular (Im) galaxies, and spheroidal (Sph) galaxies. In contrast, the latter, apparently diverse galaxies or galaxy components have almost identical parameter correlations. This shows that they are related. A review of galaxy transformation processes suggests that S0 and spheroidal galaxies are star-formation-quenched, “red and dead” versions of spiral and Im galaxies. In particular, Sph galaxies are bulgeless S0s. This motivates a parallel sequence galaxy classification in which an S0a–S0b–S0c–Sph sequence of decreasing bulge-to-total ratios is juxtaposed to an Sa–Sb–Sc–Im sequence of star-forming galaxies. All parameter sequences show a complete continuity from giant galaxies to the tiniest dwarfs. Dwarfs are not a new or different class of galaxies. Rather, they are the extreme products of transformation processes that get more important as gravitational potential wells get more shallow. Smaller Sph and S+Im galaxies have lower stellar densities because they retain fewer baryons. Comparison of the baryonic parameter correlations with those for dark matter halos allows us to estimate baryon loss as a function of galaxy mass. Extreme dwarfs are almost completely dominated by dark matter.

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Acknowledgments

It is a pleasure to thank Ralf Bender and Ken Freeman for their hospitality and support during my visits and for always enjoyable collaborations. My attendance at the Seychelles conference was supported by the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and by the Observatory of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich. This paper was supported by the Curtis T. Vaughan, Jr. Centennial Chair in Astronomy at the University of Texas.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, 78712-1205, TX, USA

    John Kormendy

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany

    John Kormendy

  3. Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstraße 1, München, 81679, Germany

    John Kormendy

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  1. John Kormendy
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Correspondence to John Kormendy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Kenneth Freeman

  2. IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA

    Bruce Elmegreen

  3. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    David Block

  4. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Matthew Woolway

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Kormendy, J. (2015). Structure and Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies. In: Freeman, K., Elmegreen, B., Block, D., Woolway, M. (eds) Lessons from the Local Group. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10614-4_27

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