Abstract
Wave phenomena are used to evaluate material properties nondestructively as well as to locate and measure defects in critical structures. In fact, physical acoustics is directly related to ultrasound since the ultrasonic waves are employed to determine the properties of materials. The objective of this chapter is to present a brief overview of the physics involved in the propagation of the sound through a material. We start with a description of the physics of the acoustic wave considering the governing equations and the parameters that characterize the means in order to obtain the wave equation in the time domain, which results in the Helmholtz equation in the frequency domain. Successively, various phenomena of wave propagation are described. There is much information available in the acoustic wave that is transmitted and received through a material. In particular, the reflection of elastic waves at a free boundary and reflection and refraction at an interface can be used in order to detect an anomaly in the material tested.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This equation is known also as the equation of mass conservation, describing that the mass is neither created nor destroyed within a volume element.
References
Alleyne D, Cawley P (1992) The interaction of lamb waves with defects. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 39(3):381–397
Badidi Bouda A, Lebaili S, Benchaala A (2003) Grain size influence on ultrasonic velocities and attenuation. NDT&E Int 36(1):1–5
Bergmann L (1957) Der Ultraschall und seine Anwendung in Wissenschaft und Technik — Nachtrag zum Literaturverzeichnis der 1954 erschienenen, 6th edn. S. Hirzel, StuttgartAQ1
Erhard A, Schenk G, Möhrle W, Montag HJ (2000) Ultrasonic phased array technique for austenitic weld inspection. In: l5th World conference on non-destructive testing, Rome, pp 674–677
Jensen FB, Kuperman WA, Porter MB, Schmidt H (2011) Computational ocean acoustics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Karageorghis A (2001) The method of fundamental solutions for the calculation of the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation. Appl Math Lett 14(7):837–842
Kinra VK, Vu BQ (1986) Diffraction of Rayleigh waves in a half-space. II. Inclined edge crack. J Acoust Soc Am 79(6):1688–1692
Kinsler LE, Frey AR, Coppens AB, Sanders JV (1999) Fundamentals of acoustics, 4th edn. Wiley, New York
Lide DR (2004) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Nelson PA (2007) Sound sources. In: Crocker MJ (ed) Handbook of noise and vibration control. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 43–51
Olympus (2007) Ultrasonic transducers technical notes. Olympus NDT. www.olympus-ims.com/data/File/panametrics/UT-technotes.en.pdf . Accessed June 2014
Pierce AD (1981) Acoustics: an introduction to its physical principles and applications. McGraw-Hill, New York
Szabo TL, Wu J (2000) A model for longitudinal and shear wave propagation in viscoelastic media. J Acoust Soc Am 107(5):2437–2446
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carcangiu, S., Montisci, A., Usai, M. (2015). Waves Propagation. In: Burrascano, P., Callegari, S., Montisci, A., Ricci, M., Versaci, M. (eds) Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10566-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10566-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10565-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10566-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)