Skip to main content

Prompt Flare and Disk Formation in Tidal Disruptions by Massive Black Holes

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Gravitational Wave Astrophysics

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings ((ASSSP,volume 40))

  • 1548 Accesses

Abstract

The ubiquitous observational signature in the disruption of a star by a massive black hole is a bright UV/X-ray flare with a light curve decaying at late times as \(t^{-5/3}\). The flare is the product of the stellar debris falling back towards the black hole, self-intersecting, and eventually forming an accretion disk. The time elapsing between the disruption of the star as it passes periapsis, the onset of the subsequent flare from material falling back, and the ultimate formation of the accretion disk depends on the black hole mass, the characteristics of the star, and the strength of the encounter. We present preliminary results from a class of tidal disruption events that until now have not been considered in which the disruption-flare-disk sequence develops promptly. These tidal disruption events are from ultra-close encounters between main-sequence stars and intermediate mass black holes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • B. Carter, J.P. Luminet, Pancake detonation of stars by black holes in galactic nuclei. Nature 296, 211–214 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Cenko, H.A. Krimm, A. Horesh, A. Rau, D.A. Frail, J.A. Kennea, A.J. Levan, S.T. Holland, N.R. Butler, R.M. Quimby, J.S. Bloom, A.V. Filippenko, A. Gal-Yam, J. Greiner, S.R. Kulkarni, E.O. Ofek, F. Olivares E., P. Schady, J.M. Silverman, N.R. Tanvir, D. Xu. Swift J2058.4+0516: discovery of a possible second relativistic tidal disruption flare? Astrophys. J. 753, 77 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.R. Evans, C.S. Kochanek, The tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole. Astrophys. J. Lett. 346, L13–L16 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Guillochon, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, S. Rosswog, D. Kasen, Three-dimensional simulations of tidally disrupted solar-type stars and the observational signatures of shock breakout. Astrophys. J. 705, 844–853 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Haas, R.V. Shcherbakov, T. Bode, P. Laguna, Tidal disruptions of white dwarfs from ultra-close encounters with intermediate-mass spinning black holes. Astrophys. J. 749, 117 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Hernquist, N. Katz, TREESPH - a unification of SPH with the hierarchical tree method. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 70, 419–446 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.G. Hills, Possible power source of Seyfert galaxies and QSOs. Nature 254, 295–298 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Laguna, W.A. Miller, W.H. Zurek, M.B. Davies, Tidal disruptions by supermassive black holes - hydrodynamic evolution of stars on a Schwarzschild background. Astrophys. J. 410, L83–L86 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Levan, N.R. Tanvir, S.B. Cenko, D.A. Perley, K. Wiersema, J.S. Bloom, A.S. Fruchter, A.D.U. Postigo, P.T. O’Brien, N. Butler, A.J. van der Horst, G. Leloudas, A.N. Morgan, K. Misra, G.C. Bower, J. Farihi, R.L. Tunnicliffe, M. Modjaz, J.M. Silverman, J. Hjorth, C. Thöne, A. Cucchiara, J.M.C. Cerón, A.J. Castro-Tirado, J.A. Arnold, M. Bremer, J.P. Brodie, T. Carroll, M.C. Cooper, P.A. Curran, R.M. Cutri, J. Ehle, D. Forbes, J. Fynbo, J. Gorosabel, J. Graham, D.I. Hoffman, S. Guziy, P. Jakobsson, A. Kamble, T. Kerr, M.M. Kasliwal, C. Kouveliotou, D. Kocevski, N.M. Law, P.E. Nugent, E.O. Ofek, D. Poznanski, R.M. Quimby, E. Rol, A.J. Romanowsky, R. Sánchez-Ramírez, S. Schulze, N. Singh, L. van Spaandonk, R.L.C. Starling, R.G. Strom, J.C. Tello, O. Vaduvescu, P.J. Wheatley, R.A.M.J. Wijers, J.M. Winters, D. Xu. An extremely luminous panchromatic outburst from the nucleus of a distant galaxy. Science 333, 199 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Lodato, A.R. King, J.E. Pringle, Stellar disruption by a supermassive black hole: is the light curve really proportional to t\(^{-5/3}\)? MNRAS 392, 332–340 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.-P. Luminet, J.-A. Marck, Tidal squeezing of stars by Schwarzschild black holes. MNRAS 212, 57–75 (1985)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • J.-P. Luminet, B. Pichon, Tidal pinching of white dwarfs. Astron. Astrophys. 209, 103–110 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.S. Phinney, Manifestations of a massive black hole in the galactic center, in The Center of the Galaxy, ed. by M. Morris. IAU Symposium, vol. 136 (1989), p. 543

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Rees, Tidal disruption of stars by black holes of 10 to the 6th-10 to the 8th solar masses in nearby galaxies. Nature 333, 523–528 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • S. Rosswog, Relativistic smooth particle hydrodynamics on a given background spacetime. Class. Quantum Grav. 27(11), 114108 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Rosswog, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, W.R. Hix, Atypical thermonuclear supernovae from tidally crushed white dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 679, 1385–1389 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.-F. Shen, C.D. Matzner, Evolution of accretion disks in tidal disruption events. Astrophys. J. 784, 87 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Tonry. Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32. Astrophys. J. Lett. 283, L27 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Work supported by NSF grants 1205864, 1212433, 1333360. Computations at XSEDE PHY120016 and the Cygnus cluster at Georgia Tech.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher Evans .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Evans, C., Laguna, P. (2015). Prompt Flare and Disk Formation in Tidal Disruptions by Massive Black Holes. In: Sopuerta, C. (eds) Gravitational Wave Astrophysics. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10488-1_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics