Skip to main content

Memory-Efficient Tree Size Prediction for Depth-First Search in Graphical Models

  • Conference paper
Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 8656))

Abstract

We address the problem of predicting the size of the search tree explored by Depth-First Branch and Bound (DFBnB) while solving optimization problems over graphical models. Building upon methodology introduced by Knuth and his student Chen, this paper presents a memory-efficient scheme called Retentive Stratified Sampling (RSS). Through empirical evaluation on probabilistic graphical models from various problem domains we show impressive prediction power that is far superior to recent competing schemes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kask, K., Dechter, R.: A general scheme for automatic search heuristics from specification dependencies. Artificial Intelligence, 91–131 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Marinescu, R., Dechter, R.: Memory intensive AND/OR search for combinatorial optimization in graphical models. Artificial Intelligence 173, 1492–1524 (2009)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Otten, L., Dechter, R.: Anytime AND/OR depth first search for combinatorial optimization. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Combinatorial Search, pp. 117–124. AAAI Press (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. de Givry, S., Schiex, T., Verfaillie, G.: Exploiting tree decomposition and soft local consistency in Weighted CSP. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 22–27. AAAI Press (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Balas, E., Toth, P.: Branch and bound methods. In: Lawler, E.L., Lenstra, J.K., Kart, A.H.G.R., Shmoys, D.B. (eds.) The Traveling Salesman Problem: A Guided Tour of Combinatorial Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Otten, L., Dechter, R.: A case study in complexity estimation: Towards parallel branch-and-bound over graphical models. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 665–674 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Knuth, D.E.: Estimating the efficiency of backtrack programs. Math. Comp. 29, 121–136 (1975)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, P.C.: Heuristic sampling: A method for predicting the performance of tree searching programs. SIAM Journal on Computing 21, 295–315 (1992)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Korf, R.E.: Depth-first iterative-deepening: An optimal admissible tree search. Artificial Intelligence 27, 97–109 (1985)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Purdom, P.W.: Tree size by partial backtracking. SIAM Journal of Computing 7, 481–491 (1978)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Korf, R.E., Reid, M., Edelkamp, S.: Time complexity of Iterative-Deepening-A*. Artificial Intelligence 129, 199–218 (2001)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Zahavi, U., Felner, A., Burch, N., Holte, R.C.: Predicting the performance of IDA* using conditional distributions. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 37, 41–83 (2010)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Burns, E., Ruml, W.: Iterative-deepening search with on-line tree size prediction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning and Intelligent Optimization, pp. 1–15 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lelis, L.H.S.: Active stratified sampling with clustering-based type systems for predicting the search tree size of problems with real-valued heuristics. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Combinatorial Search, pp. 123–131. AAAI Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lelis, L.H.S., Otten, L., Dechter, R.: Predicting the size of depth-first branch and bound search trees. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 594–600 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pearl, J.: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems. Morgan Kaufmann (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dechter, R., Rish, I.: Mini-buckets: a general scheme for bounded inference. Journal of the ACM 50, 107–153 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Marinescu, R., Dechter, R.: AND/OR Branch-and-Bound search for combinatorial optimization in graphical models. Artificial Intelligence 173, 1457–1491 (2009)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Otten, L., Dechter, R.: Anytime AND/OR depth-first search for combinatorial optimization. AI Communications 25, 211–227 (2012)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Kilby, P., Slaney, J.K., Thiébaux, S., Walsh, T.: Estimating search tree size. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1014–1019. AAAI Press (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nilsson, N.: Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lelis, L.H.S., Zilles, S., Holte, R.C.: Predicting the Size of IDA*’s Search Tree. Artificial Intelligence, 53–76 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dechter, R.: Reasoning with Probabilistic and Deterministic Graphical Models: Exact Algorithms. Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Morgan & Claypool Publishers (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Harvey, W.D., Ginsberg, M.L.: Limited discrepancy search. In: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 607–613 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Xu, L., Hutter, F., Hoos, H.H., Leyton-Brown, K.: SATzilla: Portfolio-based Algorithm Selection for SAT. J. Artif. Intell. Res. (JAIR) 32, 565–606 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Leyton-Brown, K., Nudelman, E., Shoham, Y.: Empirical hardness models: Methodology and a case study on combinatorial auctions. Journal of the ACM 56, 1–52 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lelis, L.H.S., Otten, L., Dechter, R. (2014). Memory-Efficient Tree Size Prediction for Depth-First Search in Graphical Models. In: O’Sullivan, B. (eds) Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming. CP 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8656. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10428-7_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10428-7_36

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10427-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10428-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics