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Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals: Techniques and Strategies

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Phytoremediation

Abstract

Environmental pollution by heavy metals and metalloids has become a severe problem worldwide, and soils became increasingly contaminated, posing a threat to ecosystems and ultimately to human health. The decision to remediate a soil depends on the present and future value of the soil, the cost of remediation, the risk posed by the soil, and the perception of that risk by the population and decision makers. Traditional technologies to remediate soils usually rely on excavation of the contaminated soil, often disposed of as a hazardous waste with or without a previous treatment. The use of plants to remove or immobilize toxic elements has arisen as a very promising alternative to conventional technologies. The use of plants to remediate soils derived from the observation of wild species found in specific environments evolved to the use of fast-growing crops and later on led to the development of genetically modified plants. Phytotechnologies include a wide range of technologies that can be applied to remediate soils through stabilization, volatilization, accumulation, and sequestration of toxic metals. In this chapter we describe the impacts of heavy metals in plants and the most important phytotechnologies available to remediate soil and substrates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Évora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal

    A. P. Pinto Ph.D.

  2. Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM), Évora University, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    A. P. Pinto Ph.D.

  3. Biosystems Engineering Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon (TULisbon), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal

    A. de Varennes Ph.D.

  4. Department of Geosciences, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    R. Fonseca Ph.D.

  5. Évora Geophysics Centre, University of Évora, Campo Grande, 1794-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    R. Fonseca Ph.D.

  6. HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal

    D. Martins Teixeira Ph.D.

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  1. Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Abid A. Ansari

  2. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Sarvajeet Singh Gill

  3. Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Ritu Gill

  4. Aquatic Ecology and Microbiology, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Guy R. Lanza

  5. Biotechnology and Phytoremediation, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Lee Newman

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Pinto, A.P., de Varennes, A., Fonseca, R., Teixeira, D.M. (2015). Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals: Techniques and Strategies. In: Ansari, A., Gill, S., Gill, R., Lanza, G., Newman, L. (eds) Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10395-2_10

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