Abstract
Cooking and eating on a table is known as a Japanese dining style. As we cook “monja-yaki” on a table, how do we communicate with others? This paper indicates that cooking acts cause utterances to overlap and generate silence more frequently than when not cooking. The order of overlaps in table cooking is shown in two aspects: (1) accidental overlaps are not always repaired in cooking, and (2) co-telling of how to cook sometimes allows utterances to overlap. Besides, while cooking, there occur some kinds of sequence organization with bodily actions: (1) adjacency pairs are organized not only by language but also bodily actions, and (2) even if adjacency pairs are not sufficiently organized with language, bodily actions could complement the absence or insufficiency. Such orders of sequence organization of actions may make silence occur more frequently. Repeated occurrences of overlaps and silence in cooking may result from embodied interaction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
- 2.
Transcript symbols are explained at the end of this paper.
- 3.
Although overlapping of back-channeling expressions is ruled out as examples of overlapping utterances in general, we call all the overlaps including back-channeling expressions “overlapping utterances” in this paper.
- 4.
In this paper, “simultaneously” means that the latter utterance is started less than 100 ms after the former utterance is started, and “One utterance is started after (completed before) the other” means that one utterance is started (completed) 100 ms or more after (before) the other.
- 5.
Participant S is one year older than H and U, and H usually uses polite expressions to S, not to U. Though U is also younger than S, U does not use polite expressions to S so often.
- 6.
Tsukishima is the place in Tokyo (in the Kanto region), which is said to be the birthplace of monja-yaki.
- 7.
At this point, the utterances of S in the fifth line, U in the sixth line, and S in the seventh line are overlapped and this overlapping is regarded as co-telling of how to cook. As for “co-telling” in table cooking, we will mention in detail in the next section.
- 8.
“First pair part (i.e., the first part of a pair)” and “second pair part” are concepts suggested by Schegloff et al. [13] that compose an “adjacency pair”. The first pair part is an utterance produced by a speaker and should be followed by the second pair part, an utterance by another speaker.
References
Den, Y., Kowaki. T.: Annotation and preliminary analysis of eating activity in multi-party table talk. In: Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Multimodal Corpora: How Should Multimodal Corpora Deal with the Situation?, pp. 30–33 (2012)
Mukawa, N., Tokunaga, H., Yuasa, M., Tsuda, Y., Tateyama, K., Kasamatsu, C.: Analysis on utterance behaviors embedded in eating actions: how are conversations and hand-mouth-motions controlled in three-party table talk? (in Japanese). IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. (Japanese edition) J94-A(7), 500–508 (2011)
Tokunaga, H., Mukawa, N., Kimura, A., Yuasa, M.: An analysis of interaction structures among table-talk participants based on gaze behaviors and dialog-acts (in Japanese). IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. (Japanese edition) J96-D(1), 3–14 (2013)
Enomoto, M., Den, Y.: Will the participant gazed at by the current speaker be the next speaker? (in Japanese). Jpn. J. Lang. Soc. (Japanese edition) 14(1), 97–109 (2011)
Toyama, E., Kikuchi, K., Bono, M.: Joint construction of narrative space: coordination of gesture and sequence in Japanese three-party conversation. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Multimodality in Multispace Interaction (MiMI 2011), pp. 49–60 (2011)
Schegloff, E.A.: Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2007)
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E., Jefferson, G.: A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking in conversation. Language 50(4), 696–735 (1974)
Nishizaka, A., Kushida, S., Kumagai, T.: Introduction (in Japanese). Spec. Issue: Lang. Use Interact., Jpn. J. Lang. Soc. (Japanese edition) 10(2), 13–15 (2008)
Enomoto, M.: When does the hearer start his turn? the turn-taking rules in Japanese conversation apply retrospectively after a possible completion point has passed (in Japanese). Cogn. Stud. 10(2), 291–303 (2003)
Schegloff, E.A., Jefferson, G., Sacks, H.: The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language 53(2), 361–382 (1977)
Lindwall, O., Lymer, G.: Inquiries of the body: novice questions and the instructable observability of endodontic scenes. Discourse Stud. 16(2), 271–294 (2014)
Hayashi, M.: Language and the Body as Resources for Collaborative Action: A Study of Word Searches in Japanese Conversation. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact. 36(2), 109–141 (2003)
Goodwin, C.: Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. J. Pragmat. 32, 1489–1522 (2000)
Mondada, L.: The organization of concurrent courses of action in surgical demonstrations. In: Streeck, J., Goodwin, C., LeBaron, C. (eds.) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, pp. 207–226. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011)
Schegloff, E.A., Sacks, H.: Opening up Closings. Semiotica 8, 289–327 (1973)
Clark, H.H.: Pragmatics of language performance. In: Horn, L.R., Ward, G. (eds.) Handbook of Pragmatics, 365–382. Blackwell, Oxford (2004)
Enomoto, M.: A description about adjacency pairs of social actions using non-verbal channels (in Japanese). In: Proceedings of the 52th Conference of Special Interest Group on Spoken Language Understanding and Dialogue Processing (SIG-SLUD), pp. 87–92 (2008)
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. Y. Den from Chiba University, Prof. K. Takanashi from Kyoto University, Prof. M. Enomoto from Tokyo University of Technology, Prof. H. Shirai from Keio University, and the two anonymous referees for their giving us a lot of beneficial advice.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix: Transcript Symbols
Appendix: Transcript Symbols
- [:
-
The point of overlap onset.
- [[:
-
The point at which two or more utterances start simultaneously.
- ]:
-
The point at which two overlapping utterances end.
- =:
-
No break or gap.
- (0.0):
-
Elapsed time by tenths of seconds.
- (.):
-
A brief interval within or between utterances.
- :::
-
Prolongation of the immediately prior sound.
- ºwordº:
-
The sounds softer than the surrounding talk.
- (h):
-
Plosiveness with laughter.
- (word):
-
Dubious utterances or words.
- (( )):
-
Transcriber’s descriptions.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sakaida, R., Kato, F., Suwa, M. (2014). How Do We Talk in Table Cooking?: Overlaps and Silence Appearing in Embodied Interaction. In: Nakano, Y., Satoh, K., Bekki, D. (eds) New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. JSAI-isAI 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8417. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10061-6_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10061-6_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10060-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10061-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)