Abstract
In Finland weather conditions are very aggressive for concrete structures which are not sheltered against rain. One of the most serious issues concerns freeze-thaw cycles when at the same time ambient conditions are wet. This situation is common in Finland during autumn, spring and warm winter when daytime temperature is slightly above 0 °C and by night below.
Based on earlier studies the number of freeze-thaw cycles is slightly higher inland than in Southern Finland and coastal areas but the higher amount of rain and sleet in coastal areas makes the number of freeze-thaw cycles needed for the same degree of frost damage much lower. This paper studies how the change of freeze-thaw cycle occurrence affects durability of concrete structures. The study utilizes also models the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) has developed for climate change effects on critical climatic conditions based on three IPCC (2007) scenarios for the evolution of greenhouse gas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
BES (1969) Development of open concrete element system, research report. Suomen Betoniteollisuuden Keskusjärjestö ry (in Finnish)
BY32 (1989) Guidelines for durability and service life of concrete structures. Concrete Association of Finland, Helsinki, 60 p (in Finnish)
Fagerlund G (1977) The critical degree of saturation method of assessing the freeze/thaw resistance of concrete. Tentative RILEM recommendation. Prepared on behalf of RILEM Committee 4 CDC. Materiaux et Constructions, no 58, pp 217–229
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 996 pp
Jylhä K, Ruosteenoja K, Räisänen J, Venäläinen A, Tuomenvirta H, Ruokolainen L, Saku S, Seitola T (2009) The changing climate in Finland: estimates for adaption studies. ACCLIM project report 2009, Finnish Meteorological Institute, reports 2009:4, Helsinki 78, p 36 app (in Finnish)
Jylhä K, Ruosteenoja K, Tietäväinen H et al (2011) Rakennusfysiikan ilmastollisten testivuosien sääaineistot nykyisessä ilmastossa ja arviot tulevaisuuden muutoksista. Väliraportti, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 6, p 20 app (in Finnish)
Koskiahde A (2004) An experimental petrographic classification scheme for the condition assessment of concrete in facade panels and balconies. Mater Charact 53:327–334
Lahdensivu J (2012) Durability properties and actual deterioration of Finnish facades and balconies, Publication 1028. Tampere University of Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere, 117 p. 37 app
Lahdensivu J, Mäkelä H, Pirinen P (2013) Durability properties and deterioration of concrete balconies of inadequate frost resistance. Int J Sustain Build Technol Urban Dev 4(2):160–169
Neville A (1995) Properties of concrete. Longman Group, Essex, 844 p
Pentti M (1994) Repair of building envelope. In: Kaivonen J-A (ed) Repair techniques and economy of buildings. Rakennustieto Oy, Saarijärvi, pp 287–358 (in Finnish)
Pentti M, Mattila J, Wahlman J (1998) Repair of concrete facades and balconies. Part 1: structures, degradation and condition investigation, Structural engineering, Publication 87. Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, 156 p (in Finnish)
Pigeon M, Pleau R (1995) Durability of concrete in cold climates. Suffolk. E & FN Spon, London, 244 p
RIL-Finnish Association of Civil Engineers (2013) ROTI-The state of the built environment 2013. RIL, Helsinki, 52 p (in Finnish)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pakkala, T.A., Köliö, A., Lahdensivu, J., Pentti, M. (2015). The Effect of Climate Change on Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Nordic Climate. In: Andrade, C., Gulikers, J., Polder, R. (eds) Durability of Reinforced Concrete from Composition to Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09921-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09921-7_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09920-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09921-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)