Skip to main content

Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Essentials of Operative Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Echocardiography is a widely used non-invasive imaging modality, which provides real time dynamic information on cardiac structures of interest. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is remarkable for its superior image quality and has served the cardiac surgeons in perioperative setting since 1980s. Its initial role was monitoring of left ventricular (LV) function, which over time has expanded to encompass the complex assessment of the anatomy and function of all heart chambers, valves and the great vessels [1]. Introduction of real time three dimensional (3D) echocardiography has made a revolutionised the history of echocardiography by transforming it into a highly competitive and comprehensive imaging modality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kneeshaw JD. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in the operating room. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97:77–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hahn RT, Abraham T, Adams MS, Bruce CJ, Glas KE, Lang RM, Reeves ST, Shanewise JS, Siu SC, Stewart W, Picard MH. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiographic examination: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:921–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Roshanali F, Yousefnia MA, Mandegar MH, Rayatzadeh H, Alinejad S. Decreased right ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting. Tex Heart Inst J. 2008;35:250–5.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Awtry E, Davidoff R. Low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis. Circulation. 2011;124:e739–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. The Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2451–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Banakal SC. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve repair. Ann Card Anaesth. 2010;13:79–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mihaileanu S, Marino JP, Chauvaud S, Perier P, Forman J, Vissoat J, et al. Left ventricular outflow obstruction after mitral valve repair (Carpentier’s technique): proposed mechanisms of disease. Circulation. 1988;78:I78–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jebara VA, Mihaileanu S, Acar C, Brizard C, Grare P, Latremouille C, et al. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after mitral valve repair. Results of the sliding leaflet technique. Circulation. 1993;88:II30–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Maslow AD, Regan MM, Haering JM, Johnson RG, Levine RA. Echocardiographic predictors of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve after mitral valve reconstruction for myxomatous valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;34:2096–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Adams DH, Anyanwu AC, Sugeng L, Lang RM. Degenerative mitral valve regurgitation: surgical echocardiography. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008;10:226–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheitlin MD. Stress echocardiography in mitral stenosis: when is it useful? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:402–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Underwood MJ, El Khoury G, Deronck D, Glineur D, Dion R. The aortic root: structure, function, and surgical reconstruction. Heart. 2000;83:376–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R, Antonini-Canterin F, Vlachopoulos C, Rocchi G, Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Zamorano J. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;11:645–58.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boodhwani M, de Kerchove L, Glineur D, et al. Repair-oriented classification of aortic insufficiency: impact on surgical techniques and clinical outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;137:286–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vanoverschelde J-L, van Dyck M, Gerber B, Vancraeynest D, Melchior J, de Meester C, Pasquet A. The role of echocardiography in aortic valve repair. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;2:65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  16. le Polain de Waroux JB, Pouleur AC, Robert A, et al. Mechanisms of recurrent aortic regurgitation after aortic valve repair. Predictive value of intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:931–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Baumgartner H. Low-flow, Low-gradient aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1268–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Otto CM. Aortic stenosis: even mild disease is significant. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:185–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kobayashi J. Stentless aortic valve replacement: an update. J Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:345–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Echocardiography, British Society of. http://bsecho.co.uk/education/postersguides/; http://bsecho.co.uk/home/ . [Online] 2011. [Cited: 11 Nov 2013] http://bsecho.co.uk/media/40509/valve-final-2011_2_.pdf.

  21. Badano LP, Agricola E, Perez de Isla L, Gianfagna P, Zamorano JL. Evaluation of the tricuspid valve morphology and function by transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;10:477–84.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of prosthetic valve function. Heart. 2012;98:69–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nihoyannopoulos P, Kisslo J. Echocardiography. London: Springer; 2009.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Punjabi, P.P., Valuckiene, Z., Nihoyannopoulos, P. (2015). Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery. In: Essentials of Operative Cardiac Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09906-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09906-4_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09905-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09906-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics