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Neuropsychiatric Disturbances in Dystonia

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Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Movement Disorders

Part of the book series: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Neurological Disease ((NSND))

Abstract

A recent consensus update classifies dystonia according to two main axes describing the motor features and the different etiologies. Dystonia with no other neurological signs is called “isolated,” whereas dystonia associated with other neurological signs is called “combined.” Since its first description by Oppenheim, dystonia has been considered a pure motor disorder, but recently non-motor features have been recognized as part of clinical phenotype. In isolated dystonias psychiatric disturbances including depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been frequently reported. Also cognitive deficits, mainly of executive and visuospatial domains, have been observed, but no major cognitive impairment or dementia was reported. In combined dystonias, psychiatric and cognitive dysfunctions are described, with differences among specific syndromes. The topic of neuropsychiatric features in dystonia is evolving and further studies are needed to elucidate the observed phenomenological diversities.

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Abbreviations

BoNT:

Botulinum neurotoxin

DRD:

Dopa-responsive dystonia

M-D:

Myoclonus-dystonia

NBIA:

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation

OCD:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

PKAN:

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration

PLAN:

PLA2G6-mutation-associated neurodegeneration

RDP:

Rapid onset dystonia parkinsonism

SCID:

Structural clinical interview for DSM

Y-BOCS:

Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Milano-Bicocca University, via Celoria, 11, Milan, 20133, Italy

    Paolo Amami PsyD

  2. Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria, 11, Milan, 20133, Italy

    Paolo Amami PsyD & Alberto Albanese MD

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan Medical School, Ospedale San Paolo, Via Antonio Di Rudini 8, Milan, 20131, Italy

    Lucrezia Islam MD

  4. Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany

    Dirk Dressler MD, PhD

  5. Department of Neurology, Catholic University, via Celoria, 11, Milan, 20133, Italy

    Alberto Albanese MD

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  1. Paolo Amami PsyD
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  2. Lucrezia Islam MD
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  3. Dirk Dressler MD, PhD
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  4. Alberto Albanese MD
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Correspondence to Alberto Albanese MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany

    Heinz Reichmann

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Amami, P., Islam, L., Dressler, D., Albanese, A. (2015). Neuropsychiatric Disturbances in Dystonia. In: Reichmann, H. (eds) Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Movement Disorders. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Neurological Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09537-0_8

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