Abstract
Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells may be present throughout the spinal meninges, within the thickness of the three membranes: dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid. In addition, these cell types are present inside nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia, and peripheral nerves at the endoneurial level, within the perineurial laminas, interfascicular connective tissue, and epineurium.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Reina MA, Arriazu R, Collier CB, Sala-Blanch X. Histology and electron microscopy of human peripheral nerves of clinical relevance to the practice of nerve blocks. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2013;60:552–62.
Reina MA, López A, Villanueva MC, De Andrés JA, León GI. Morfología de los nervios periféricos, de sus cubiertas y de su vascularización. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2000;47:464–75.
Cross PC, Mercer KL. Connective tissue: macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells. In: Cells and tissue ultrastructure. New York: WH Freeman; 1999. p. 74–81.
Oldfors A. Macrophages in peripheral nerves. An ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical study on rats. Acta Neuropathol. 1980;49:43–9.
Sacco RE. The mononuclear phagocyte system and lymphocytes. In: Cheville NF, editor. Ultrastructural pathology. 2nd ed. Ames: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. p. 269–93.
Reina MA, De Andrés JA, López A. Subarachnoid and epidural anesthesia. In: Raj P, editor. Textbook of regional anesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2002. p. 307–24.
Reina MA, Pulido P, López A. The human dural sac. Morphology of the spinal dura-arachnoid membrane. Origin of the spinal subdural space. Rev Arg Anest. 2007;65:167–84.
Reina MA, Villanueva MC, López A. Trabecular arachnoid membrane, human spinal pia mater and subarachnoid anesthesia. Rev Arg Anest. 2008;66:111–33.
Olsson Y. Mast cells in human peripheral nerve. Acta Neurol Scand. 1971;47:357–68.
Monk KR, Wu J, Williams JP, Finney BA, Fitzgerald ME, Filippi MD, Ratner N. Mast cells can contribute to axon-glial dissociation and fibrosis in peripheral nerve. Neuron Glia Biol. 2007;3:233–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reina, M.A., Manzarbeitia, F., López, A. (2015). Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells. In: Reina, M., De Andrés, J., Hadzic, A., Prats-Galino, A., Sala-Blanch, X., van Zundert, A. (eds) Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09522-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09522-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09521-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09522-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)