Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Biotechnology for Endangered Plant Conservation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biotechnology and Biodiversity

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 4))

Abstract

The rhythm of biodiversity loss is estimated to be between 1000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. This is often referred to as “the sixth extinction crisis” after the five known mass extinction events in geological history. Plant species are known to be particularly vulnerable to present biotic crisis. These figures indicate that research for improving existing, and developing new effective conservation strategies are necessary. Advances in biotechnology provide new methods for plant diversity conservation and evaluation. In the past decade a significant number of plant species, either wild or crop, threatened, medicinal or ornamental, were conserved by biotechnological means. Therefore, the challenges to support conservation by biotechnology are many and varied. Direct application of biotechnological tools like in vitro culture and cryopreservation proved to be valuable means for large-scale propagation, storage, and reintroduction of endangered plant species. The in vitro techniques for plant conservation include photoautotrophic micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, cell culture and embryo rescue techniques, as well as in vitro cold storage and cryopreservation methods. This chapter presents their application in the development of ex situ collections and their contribution toward an integrated system to conserve endangered plant species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al-Qudah TS, Shibli RA, Alali FQ (2011) In vitro propagation and secondary metabolites production in wild germander (Teucrium polium L.). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47(4):496–505

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anand A, Rao CS (2000) A rapid in vitro propagation protocol for Piper barberi Gamble, a critically endangered plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36(1):61–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore SE (1997) Status report on the development and application of in vitro techniques for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. IPGRI, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashmore SE, Hamilton KN, Offord CA (2011) Conservation technologies for safeguardening and restoring threatened flora: case studies from eastern Australia. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:99–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Banciu C, Carasan ME, Brezeanu A (2009) In vitro propagation of the endangered species Marsilea quadrifolia L.-morphological and biochemical analysis of the regenerates. Roum Biotechnol Lett 14(1):4139–4145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balaraju K, Agastian P, Preetamraj JP, Arokiyaraj S, Ignacimuthu S (2008) Micropropagation of Vitex agnus-castus, (Verbenaceae)-a valuable medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 44(5):436–441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bejoy M, Dan M, Anish NP, Nair RGA, Radhika BJ, Manesh K (2012) Micropropagation of an Indian ginger (Curcuma vamana Sabu and Mangaly): a wild relative of turmeric. Biotechnology 11:333–338

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson EE, Danaher JE, Pimbley IM, Anderson CT, Wake JE, Daley S, Adams LK (2000) In vitro micropropagation of Primula scotica: a rare Scottish plant. Biodivers Conserv 9(6):711–726

    Google Scholar 

  • Berjak P, Bartels P, Benson EE, Harding K, Mycock DJ, Pammenter NW, Wesley-Smith SJ (2011) Cryoconservation of South African pant genetic diversity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:65–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertzky B, Corrigan C, Kemsey J, Kenney S, Ravilious C, Besançon C, Burgess N (2012) Protected planet report 2012: tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas. IUCN, Gland

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunn E, Senaratna T, Sivasithamparam K, Dixon KW (2005) In vitro propagation of Eucalyptus phylacis. In: Johnson L, Hill K (eds) A critically endangered relict from Western Australia. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41(6):812–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Butiuc-Keul A, Deliu C (2001) Clonal propagation of Arnica montana L., a medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(5):581–585

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera-Pérez MA (1995) Explant establishment in the micropropagation of Globularia ascanii, a threatened species from Gran Canaria. Bot Gard Microprop News 1(8):111–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinale BJ, Duffy JE, Gonzales A, Hooper DU, Perrings C, Venail P, Naewani A, Mace MG, Tilman D, Wardle D, Akinzig AP, Daily GC, Loreau M, Grace JB, Larigauderie A, Naeem S (2012) Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486:59–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso JC, Teixeira da Silva JA (2013) Micropropagation of Zeyheria montana Mart. (Bignoniaceae), an endangered endemic medicinal species from the Brazilian cerrado biome. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 49(6):710–716

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casazza G, Savona M, Carli S, Minuto L, Profumo P (2002) Micropropagation of Limonium cordatum (L.) Mill. for conservation purposes. J Hortic Sci Biotech

    Google Scholar 

  • Chand S, Sahrawat AK (2002) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from root segments of Psoralea corylifolia L, an endangered medicinally important plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 38(1):33–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase MW, Fay MF (1997) Molecular tools for conservation genetics: an update on recent methods. In: Touchell DH, Dixon KW, George AS, Willis RT (eds) Conservation into the 21st century—proceedings of the fourth international botanic gardens conservation congress. BGCI, Richmond, pp 155–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Chavan JJ, Gaikwad NB, Kshirsagara PR, Umdale SD, Bhat KV, Dixit GB, Yadav SR (2013) Highly efficient in vitro proliferation and genetic stability analysis of micropropagated Ceropegia evansii by RAPD and ISSR markers: a critically endangered plant of Western Ghats. Plant Biosyst doi:10.1080/11263504.2013.853700

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen UK, Chi-Ni Hsia CN, Yeh MS, Agrawal DC, Hsin-Sheng Tsay HS (2006) In vitro micropropagation and ex vitro acclimatization of Bupleurum kaoi––an endangered medicinal plant native to Taiwan. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 42(2):128–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Chithra M, Martin KP, Sunandakumari C, Madhusoodanan PV (2005) Somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, and plant regeneration of Rotula aquatica Lour., a rare rhoeophytic woody medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41(1):28–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Cristea V, Miclauş, M, Puşcaş, M (2002) Influence of hormone balance and in vitro photoautotrophy on Dianthus spiculifolius Schur micropropagation. Contrib Bot 37:145–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Cristea V, Miclauş M, Puşcaş M, Deliu C (2004) Conservative micropropagation of some endemic or rare species of Dianthus L. genus. In: In vitro culture and horticultural breeding, 5-th IVCHB symposium, Debrecen, p 143

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz-Cruz CA, Gonzales-Arnao MT, Engelmann F (2013) Biotechnology and conservation of plant biodiversity. Resources 2:73–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuenca S, Amo-Marco JB (2000) In vitro propagation of two Spanish endemic species of salvia through bud proliferation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36(3):225–229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalal V, Rai RV (2001) In vitro propagation of Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall. EX G. Don), an ethnomedicinal endemic and threatened tree, Naomita. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(6):820–823

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devi J, Ray BK, Chetia S, Deka PC (1998) Regeneration of low temperature stored encapsulated protocorms of orchids. J Orchid Soc India 12:39–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumet, D, Berjak, P, Engelmann F (1997) Cryopreservation of zygotic and somatic embryos of tropical species producing recalcitrant or intermediate seeds. In: Razdan MK, Coking EC (eds) Conservation of plant genetic resources in vitro, vol 1. Science, Irbid, pp 153–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann F (2004) Plant cryopreservation: progress and prospects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40:427–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann F (2011) Use of biotechnologies for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:5–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmann F, Engels JMM (2002) Technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation. In: Ratamantha Rao V, Brown AHD, Jackson MT (eds) Managing plant genetic diversity. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 89–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Erisen S, Oncel Z (2013) In vitro propagation of the threatened plant Sphaerophysa kotschyana (Fabaceae): inter simple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) analysis and salt tolerance of the regenerants. Aust J Bot 61(1):67–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahy G, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT (1984) Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation. Cryobiology 21:407–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fay, MF (1992) Conservation of rare and endangered plants using in vitro methods. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 28:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis SV, Senapati SK, Rout GR (2007) Rapid clonal propagation of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an endangered medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43(2):140–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Frinkle, BJ, Zavala ME, Ulrich JM (1985) Cryoprotective compounds in the viable freezing of plant tissues. In: Kartha KK (ed) Cryopreservation of plant cells and organs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 75–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukai S, Hasegaw A, Goi M (2002) Polysomaty in cymbidium. HortScience 37:1088–1091

    Google Scholar 

  • Giridhar P, Gururaj HB, Ravishankar GA (2005) In vitro shoot multiplication through shoot tip cultures of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., a threatened plant endemic to southern India. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41(1):77–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC)-updated for 2011–2020. http://www.cbd.int/gspc/. Accessed 16 Dec 2013

  • Gonzales-Benito E, Martin C (2011) In vitro preservation of Spanish biodiversity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:46–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo B, Gao M, Liu CZ (2007) In vitro propagation of an endangered medicinal plant Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. Plant Cell Rep 26(3):261–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harding K (2004) Genetic integrity of cryopreserved plant cells: a review. Cryo Letters 25:3–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harding K (2010) Plant and algal cryopreservation: issues in genetic integrity, concepts in cryobionomics and current applications in cryobiology. Asia Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 18(1):151–154

    Google Scholar 

  • He WT, Hou SW, Wang CY (2006) An efficient in vitro method for mass propagation of Potentilia potanii Wolf. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 42(5):415–417

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iriondo JM, Perez C (1996) Micropropagation and in vitro storage of Centaurium rigualii Esteve (Gentianaceae). Isr J Plant Sci 44:115–123

    Google Scholar 

  • IUCN (2013) IUCN red list of threatened species. Version (2013).2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 19 Dec 2013

  • Jang G, Kim K, Park R (2003) Micropropagation of venus fly trap by shoot culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 72(1):95–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin S, Wang J, Wang X, Sun D, Li G, Genovesi AD, Liu S (2013) Direct and indirect shoot and bulblet regeneration from cultured leaf explants of Lilium pumilum, an endangered species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. 49(4):455

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson TS, Narayan SB, Narayana DBA (1997) Rapid in vitro propagation of Saussurea lappa, an endangered medicinal plant, through multiple shoot cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 33(2):128–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson T, Cruse-sanders JM, Pullman GS (2012) Micropropagation and seed cryopreservation of the critically endangered species Tennessee yellow-eye grass, Xyris tennesseensis Kral. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 48(3):369–376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi P, Dhawan V (2007) Axillary multiplication of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex Fleming) H. Karst., a critically endangered medicinal herb of temperate Himalayas. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43(6):631–638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarczyk A, Turner RS, Bunn E, Mancera LR, Dixon KW (2011) Cryopreservation of threatened native Australian species-what have we learned and where to from here. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:17–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp A, Kresovich S, Bhat KV, Ayad WG, Hodgkin T (1997) Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. IPGRI Tech Bull 2:1–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha KK (1985) Meristem culture and germplasm preservation. In Kartha KK (ed) Cryopreservation of plant cells and organs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 115–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong, L, Aderkas, PV (2011) A novel method of cryopreservation without a cryoprotectant for immature somatic embryos of conifers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 106:115–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovác J (1995) Micropropagation of Dianthus arenarius subsp. bohemicus-an endangered endemic from Czech Republic. Bot Gard Microprop News 1(8):106–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan PN, Decruse SW, Radha RK (2011) Conservation of medicinal plants of Western Ghats, India and its sustainable utilization through in vitro technology. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:110–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee YI, Lee N (2003) Plant regeneration from protocorm-derived callus of Cypripedium formosanum. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39:475–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee YI, Hsu SH, Yeung E (2013) Orchid protocorm-like bodies are somatic embryos. Am J Bot 100(11):2121–2131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CZ, Murch SJ, Jinesh JC, Saxena KP (2004) Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.): in vitro regeneration for germplasm conservation and elimination of heavy metal contamination. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40(1):75–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lledó D, Crespo MB, Amo-Marco JB (1995) In vitro multiplication of Vella lucentina M B. crespo (Brassicaceae), a threatened Spanish endemic species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 31(4):199–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallon R, Rodríguez-Oubina J, González ML (2010) In vitro propagation of the endangered plant Centaurea ultreiae: assessment of genetic stability by cytological studies, flow cytometry and RAPD analysis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 101(1):31–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Marco-Medina A, Casas JL, Swennen R, Panis B (2010) Cryopreservation of Thymus moroderi by droplet vitrification. Cryo Letters 31:14–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin KP (2003) Clonal propagation, encapsulation and reintroduction of Ipsea malabarica (Reichb. f.) JD Hook, an endangered orchid. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39(3):322–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin KP (2004) Efficacy of different growth regulators at different stages of somatic embryogenesis Eryngium foetidum L.-A rare medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40(5):459–463

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin C, Iriondo JM, Benito-Gonzales E, Perez C (1998) The use of tissue culture techniques in the conservation of plant biodiversity. Agro Food Ind Hi-Tech 9(1):37–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama E, Yoshihisa Hosoi Y, Ishii K (2007) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in yakutanegoyou, Pinus armandii Franch. var. amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima, an endemic and endangered species in Japan. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43(1):28–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medeiros LA, de Ribeiro SRC, Gallo LA, Tiago de Oliveira E, Soares Payao Demattel ME (2006) In vitro propagation of Notocactus magnificus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 84(2):165–169

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartan SA, van Staden J (2003) Micropropagation of the endangered Kniphofia leucocephala Baijnath. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 39(5):496–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Miclaus, M, Cristea, V, Deliu, C (2003) Micropropagation on Dianthus petraeus W. et K. ssp. Simonkaianus (Peterfii) Tutin. Contrib Bot 38(1):77–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikulik J (1999) Propagation of endangered plant species by tissue cultures. Acta Univ. Palcki. Olomuc. Fac. rer. nat, Biol 37:27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005) http://www.unep.org/maweb/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf. Accessed 17 Dec 2013

  • Mirici S, Parmaksız I, Özcan S, Sancak C, Uranbey S, Sarıhan OE, Gümüşcü A, Gürbüz B, Arslan N (2005) Efficient in vitro bulblet regeneration from immature embryos of endangered Sternbergia fischeriana. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 80(3):239–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Butler RM, Bicknell RA (1997) In vitro propagation of Gentiana cerina and Gentiana corymbifera. N Z J Crop Horticult 25(1):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgante M, Hanafey M, Powell, W (2002) Microsatellites are preferentially associated with non repetitive DNA in plant genome. Nat Genet 30:194–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moura M (1998) Conservation of Hypericum foliosum Aiton, an endemic azorean species, by micropropagation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43(3):224–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Concha D, Davey MR (2011) Micropropagation of the endangered Chilean tree, Gomortega keule. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47(1):170–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige, T, Skoog, F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15(3):473–497

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy HN, Pyati AN (2001) Micropropagation of Aerides maculosum Lindl. (Orchidaceae). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(2):223–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nag KK, Street HE (1973) Carrot embryogenesis from frozen cultured cells. Nature 245:270–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair GL, Seeni S (2003) In vitro multiplication of Calophyllum apetalum (Clusiaceae), an endemic medicinal tree of the Western Ghats. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 75(2):169–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negash A, Krens F, Schaart J, Visser B (2001) In vitro conservation of enset under slow-growth conditions. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 66(2):107–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikishina TV, Popova EV, Vakhrameeva MG, Varlygina TI, Kolomeitseva GL, Burov AV, Popovich EA, Shirokov AI, Shumilov V, Yu V, Popov AS (2007) Cryopreservation of seeds and protocorms of rare temperate orchids. Russ J Plant Physiol 54:121–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu YL, Luo ZR, Zhang YF (2009) Studies on cryopreservation of two Diospyros spp. germplasm by modified droplet vitrification. J Wuhan Bot Res 27:451–454

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Normah MN, Choo WK, Yap LV, Zeti AMH (2011) In vitro conservation of Malaysian biodiversity-achievements, challenges and future directions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:26–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Păunescu A (2005) Conservation of the endemic plant Cerastium transsilvanicum Schur of Piatra Craiului Massif using in vitro techniques. In: Researches in Piatra Craiului National Park. Pop O (Ed.)Phoenix Brasov, III, pp. 99–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A (2009a) Hormonal regulation of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in Alyssum borzaeanum Nyar. in vitro culture system. Electr J Biol 5(3):45–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A (2009b) Biotechnology for endangered plant conservation-a critical overview. Roum Biotechnol Lett 14(1):4095–4103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A (2010) In vitro propagation of Campanula polymorpha Witas-an endemic plant of Carpathian Mountains. An Univ Oradea Fasc Biol 17(2):235–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A, Holobiuc I (2003) Conservation of the endemic species Dianthus callizonus Schott & Kotschy using in vitro techniques. Review Roumaine de Biologie Series. Biol Végét 48(1–2):3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A, Holobiuc I (2005) Preliminary researches concerning micropropagation of some endemic plants from Romanian Flora. Acta Horticult Bot Bucur 32:103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Paunescu A, Vantu S (2002) Micropropagation of the endemic species Andryala levitomentosa (E. Nyar.) Sell. Review Roumaine de Biologie Series. Biol Végét 47(1):9–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Pence VC (2013) In vitro methods and the challenge of exceptional species for target 8 of the global strategy for plant conservation. Ann Mo Bot Gard 99(2):214–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Pence VC, Soukup VG (1995) propagation of rare Trillium persistens in vitro. Bot Gard Micropropag News 1:109–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira PH, Gonçalves-Salimena FR, de Oliveira-Santos M, da Silva Garcia L, de Oliveira-Pierre PM, Viccini LF, Otoni WC (2006) In vitro propagation of endangered Lippia filifolia Mart. and Schauer ex Schauer. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 42(6):558–561

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Molphe-Balch E, Pérez-Reyes ME, Rosa-Carrillo LL (2012) In vitro conservation of Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) under slow growth conditions. Haseltonia 17:51–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitman NCA, Jorgensen PM (2002) Estimating the size of the world’s threatened flora. Science 298:989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prithcard HW, Predergast FG (1986) Effects on desiccation and cryopreservation of the in vitro viability of embryos of the recalcitrant seed species Araucaria hunstecinii K. Schum J Exp Bot 37:1388–1397

    Google Scholar 

  • Purohit KV, Tamta S, Chandra S, Vyas P, Palni LMS, Nandi KS (2002) In vitro multiplication of Quercus leucotrichophora and Q. glauca: important Himalayan oaks. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 69(2):121–133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quatrano RS (1968) Freeze preservation of cultured flax cells utilizing dimethyl sulfoxide. Plant Physiol 43:2057–2061

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay MM, Jacskon AD, Porley RD (2000) A pilot study for ex situ conservation of UK bryophytes. In: BGCI (ed) EuroGard 2000-EBGC, Canary Islands, Spain, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, pp 52–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravi D, Anand P (2012) Production and application of artificial seeds: a review. I. Res J Biol Sci 1(5):74–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravishankar Rai RV (2002) Rapid clonal propagation of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) sleumer-a threatened medicinal tree. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 38(4):347–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Redenbaugh EK, Slade D, Viss P, Kossler M (1988) Artificial seeds: encapsulation of somatic embryos. In: Valentine FA (ed) Forest and crop biotechnology, progress and prospects. Springer, New York, pp 400–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed BM (2008) Plant cryopreservation. A practical guide. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed MB, Sarasan V, Kane M, Bunn E, Pence CV (2011) Biodiversity conservation and conservation biotechnology tools. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:1–4

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosas MM, Avila MVC, Boettler RB (2001) In vitro regeneration of plantlets from immature zygotic embryos of Picea chihuahuana Martínez, an endemic Mexican endangered species. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(1):73–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruta C, Morone-Fortunato I (2010) In vitro propagation of Cistus clusii Dunal, an endangered plant in Italy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 46(2):172–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Saiprasad GVS (2001) Artificial seeds and their applications. Resonance 6:39–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Sallon S, Solowey E, Cohen Y, Korchinsky R, Egli M, Woodhatch I, Simchoni O, Kislev M (2008) Germination, genetics, and growth of an ancient date seed. Science 320(5882):1464

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santos Diaz MS, Carranza Alvarez C (2009) Plant regeneration through direct shoot formation from leaf cultures and from protocorm-like bodies derived from callus of Encyclia mariae (Orchidaceae), a threatened Mexican orchid. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 45(2):162–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarasan VA, Cripps R, Ramsay MM, Atherton C, McMichen M, Prendergast G, Rowntree JK (2006) Conservation in vitro of threatened plants-progress in the past decade. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 42:206–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Senapati SK, Aparajita S, Rout GR (2013) Micropropagation and assessment of genetic stability in Celastrus paniculatus: an endangered medicinal plant. Biologia 68(4):627–632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibli RA, Duwayri MA, Sawwan JS, Al-Qudah T (2012) Regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of the endangered wild arum (Arum palaestinum). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 48(3):335–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smulders MJM, De Klerk, GJ (2011) Epigenetics in plant tissue culture. Plant Growth Regul 63(2):137–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soni M, Kaur R (2013) Rapid in vitro propagation, conservation and analysis of genetic stability of Viola pilosa. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. doi:10.1007/s12298-013-0200-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Stacey GN, Lych PT, Benson EE (1999) Plant genetic banking: agriculture, biotechnology and conservation. Agro-Food-Ind Hi-Tech 10:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudha CG, Seeni S (2006) Spontaneous somatic embryogenesis on in vitro root segment cultures of Rauvolfia micrantha Hook. F.-a rare medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 42(2):119–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudha CG, Krishnan PN, Pushpangadan P (1998) In vitro propagation of Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) K. Schum, a rare medicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43(1):57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudha CG, Krishnan PN, Pushpangadan P, Seeni S (2005) In vitro propagation of Decalepis arayalpathra, a critically endangered ethnomedicinal plant. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41(5):648–654

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugii NC (2011) The establishment of axenic seed and embryo cultures of endangered Hawaiian species: special review of disinfestation protocols. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 47:157–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Suteu A, Butiuc-Keull A, Mocan S, Parvu M (1999) Research concerning in vitro propagation of Astragalus peterfii Jav, an endangered species of the Romanian Flora. Contrib Bot 34:209–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavares AC, Salguerio LR, Canhoto J (2010) In vitro propagation of the wild carrot Daucus carota L. subsp. halophilus (Brot.) A. Pujadas for conservation purposes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 46(1):47–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Touchell DH, Dixon KW (1993) Cryopreservation of seed of Western Australia native species. Biodivers Conserv 2:594–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukara M, Hirosawa T (1992) Simple dehydration treatment promotes plantlet regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus. Plant Cell Rep 11:550–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakhlu AK, Sharma RK (1999) Micropropagation of Heracleum candidans Wall. a rare medicinal herb. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 35(1):79–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Valkonen JP (2009) Cryotherapy of shoot tips: novel pathogen eradication method. Trends Plant Sci 13(3):119–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Wawrosch C, Malla PR, Kopp B (2001) Micropropagation of Allium wallichii Kunth, a threatened medicinal plant of Nepal. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(5):555–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers LA (1978) A fine structural study of the freeze preservation of plant tissue cultures in the thawed state. Protoplasma 94:235–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers LA (1995) Collecting in vitro for genetic resources conservation. In: Guarino L, Ramanatha Rao V, Reid R (eds) Collecting plant genetic diversity. Technical guidelines. CABI, Wallingford, pp 511–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Withers LA (2002) In vitro collecting-concept and background. IPGRI Technical Bulletin No 7, pp 16–25. A history and introduction to in vitro collecting

    Google Scholar 

  • Yashina S, Gubin S, Maksimovich S, Yashina A, Gakhova E, Gilichinsky D (2012) Regeneration of whole fertile plants from 30,000-y-old fruit tissue buried in Siberian permafrost. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(10):4008–4013

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon JW, Kim HH, Cho EG, Ko HC, Hwang HS, Park YE, Engelmann F (2007) Cryopreservation of cultivated and wild potato varieties by droplet vitrification procedure. Acta Hortic 760:203–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zapartan M (1996) Conservation of Leontopodium alpinum using in vitro techniques in Romania. Bot Gard Micropropag News 2:26–29 (Kew)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Vegetal and Animal Cytobiology, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, 297 Splaiul Independentei street, 060031, Bucharest, Romania

    Dr. Anca Manole-Paunescu

Authors
  1. Dr. Anca Manole-Paunescu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anca Manole-Paunescu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Formerly Forestry Consultant Zobel Forestry Associates, New Paltz, New York, USA

    M. R. Ahuja

  2. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    K.G. Ramawat

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Manole-Paunescu, A. (2014). Biotechnology for Endangered Plant Conservation. In: Ahuja, M., Ramawat, K. (eds) Biotechnology and Biodiversity. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09381-9_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation