Abstract
The epistemology of the 20th century concentrated mostly on problems of knowledge justification, verification or falsification, putting aside the issues of knowledge creation, even if at the end of the 20th century a few works emerged stressing the necessity of understanding issues related with the creation of knowledge, see e.g. Searle (1992), Motycka (1998). This problem area became more actual and urgent because of the growing civilization change, a turn from the industrial civilization to a new society and civilization based on information and knowledge. Therefore, other disciplines than philosophy (knowledge management and systems science) developed so called micro-models of knowledge creation processes for the needs of today and tomorrow. This chapter presents a review of such models.
This chapter is a modified version of my paper (Wierzbicki 2011) and summarizes two books and many papers concerning the processes of knowledge creation.
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Notes
- 1.
Nonaka and Takeuchi use the concept of ontological dimension, but tacit and explicit knowledge might also be treated as ontological elements of discourse. Similarly, I prefer to use the concept of a transition, while Nonaka and Takeuchi use the concept of knowledge conversion instead. However, conversion suggests consumption of a transformed resource, while knowledge is not consumed with its use; hence I use here the concept of transition, which suggests only a change of the focus of attention.
- 2.
This shift is to some extent a question of convention and I am aware that such classification is very difficult, due to the specific relation of culture and arts to other resources of human knowledge. Nevertheless, we can maintain that culture and arts, which have a tremendous influence on creative activities of people in other fields, such as strict sciences or technology, execute their impact mostly by shaping of emotions. See also (Motycka 1998) on this issue.
- 3.
Strict sciences are often called in English simply sciences, sometimes hard sciences. If we take the word science in the broad sense, we must add adjectives in order to represent the conviction that other sciences are also science.
- 4.
This is not an exact explanation, but consistent with the description and intent of the work (Nakamori 2000).
- 5.
In Japanese, Nanatsudaki means seven waterfalls, a beautiful aspect of a stream flowing in the forest around the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Asahidai near Kanazawa.
- 6.
For example, while in Japan an informal exchange of opinions during socialization works rather well, the abilities of scientific debate are rather poor.
- 7.
Commercial search engines personalize search and form user profiles, but these profiles serve the commercial interests of the search engine, less the actual interests of the user.
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Wierzbicki, A.P. (2015). Creative Space and Micro-Models of Knowledge Creation. In: Technen: Elements of Recent History of Information Technologies with Epistemological Conclusions. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 71. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09033-7_12
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