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Intracellular Calcium as a Clock Output from SCN Neurons

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Mechanisms of Circadian Systems in Animals and Their Clinical Relevance

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Abstract

In mammals, the major circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The molecular oscillator in these neurons is driven by transcriptional–translational feedback loops (TTL) among clock genes that generate a circadian periodicity. To fulfill its role as pacemaker, the molecular oscillation must be translated to an electrical signal in SCN neurons, which will be transmitted to the rest of the brain and eventually the organism. The mechanisms involved in this process remain mostly unknown, but some information is already available. Among the ion channels in SCN neurons which are regulated by the circadian clock, only the manipulations of the fast delayed rectifier (fDR) and large-conductance (BK) K+ currents have shown to affect circadian rhythmicity either in neuronal firing pattern or behavior. On the other hand, data from rat and mouse clearly indicate that intracellular Ca2+ channels sensitive to ryanodine (RyR) are part of an output pathway of the clock in SCN neurons. Intracellular Ca2+ signals mediate between the molecular circadian clock and the neuronal plasma membrane of SCN neurons and thus can modulate the excitability and firing frequency according to the time of day. Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization through RyRs may affect neuronal excitability directly through Ca2+-modulated plasma membrane channels and indirectly as a second messenger activating protein kinases regulating a variety of cellular processes converging at the cell membrane.

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Acknowledgments

We thank José Luis Chávez, Ana María Escalante, and Francisco Pérez for skillful technical assistance. This work was partially supported by grants from CONACyT 128528, PAPIIT IN204811, and FONCICYT 91984.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F., 04510, México

    Raúl Aguilar-Roblero & Daniel Quinto-Muñoz

  2. Departamento de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, 76230, QRO, México

    Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz & Adrian Báez-Ruíz

  3. Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Gabriella Lundkvist

  4. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Stephan Michel

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  1. Raúl Aguilar-Roblero
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  2. Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
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  3. Adrian Báez-Ruíz
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  4. Daniel Quinto-Muñoz
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  5. Gabriella Lundkvist
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  6. Stephan Michel
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Correspondence to Raúl Aguilar-Roblero .

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  1. Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Raúl Aguilar-Roblero

  2. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico

    Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz

  3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Mária Luisa Fanjul-Moles

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Aguilar-Roblero, R., Díaz-Muñoz, M., Báez-Ruíz, A., Quinto-Muñoz, D., Lundkvist, G., Michel, S. (2015). Intracellular Calcium as a Clock Output from SCN Neurons. In: Aguilar-Roblero, R., Díaz-Muñoz, M., Fanjul-Moles, M. (eds) Mechanisms of Circadian Systems in Animals and Their Clinical Relevance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08945-4_7

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