Abstract
When chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first developed, the Extrel type DBS system was typically used. The Extrel type DBS system contained (1) an external transmitter, ((2) an antenna, ((3) a receiver with an extension cable, and (4) a stimulation electrode. The energy evoked by the external pulse transmitter was transmitted through the antenna using a radio-frequency-coupled link, and the subcutaneous receiver decoded the radio frequency signal and delivered it to the stimulation electrode. Later, the Itrel type DBS system was developed. The Itrel system contains (1) an implantable pulse generator (IPG) which can be powered by its own battery, (2) an extension cable, and (3) a stimulation electrode. All of the Itrel type DBS systems have become completely internalized. One new IPG even contains a rechargeable battery for the prolongation of battery life; as a result, the time before IPG replacement required has increased up to 9 years.
At present, Medtronic Co. has released four types of IPG devices. Activa-PC-3761, Activa-RC-37612, Activa-SC-37602, and Activa- SC-37603 are now available for clinical use. Activa-PC-3761 and Activa-RC-37612 are multiprogrammable devices that deliver stimulation through one or two leads, and Activa-SC-37602 and Activa-SC-37603 are multiprogram devices that deliver stimulation through one lead. Only Activa-RC-37612 is a rechargeable type IPG; the other three are nonrechargeable types. Development of new stimulation electrodes, clinician programmers, and patient programmers for safer, more effective brain stimulation therapy is also underway.
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© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
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Yamamoto, T., Fukaya, C., Yoshino, A., Katayama, Y. (2015). Instrument of Brain Stimulation. In: Itakura, T. (eds) Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08476-3_5
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