Abstract
Systemic arthritis has a variable course [1–3]. In about half of patients, the disease is characterized by a monocyclic or an intermittent course with relapses followed by periods of remission. In such cases, arthritis accompanies episodes of fever but remits when systemic features are controlled. The long-term outlook for these patients is usually good. In the other half of patients, the disease follows an unremitting course. In many cases, but not all, extra-articular manifestations eventually subside and chronic arthritis remains as the major long-term problem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767-778.
Lomater C, Gerloni V, Gattinara M, et al. Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients followed for 10 years. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:491-496.
Singh-Grewal D, Schneider R, Bayer N, Feldman BM. Predictors of disease course and remission in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Significance of early clinical and laboratory features. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:1595-1601.
Guillaume S, Prieur AM, Coste J, et al. Long-term outcome and prognosis in oligoarticularonset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1858-1865.
Oen K, Malleson PN, Cabral DA, Rosenberg AM, Petty RE, Cheang M. Disease course and outcome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a multicenter cohort. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1989-1999.
Clemens LE, Albert E, Ansell BM. HLA studies in IgM rheumatoid factor positive childhood arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42:431-434.
Petty RE, Cassidy JT. Chronic arthritis in childhood. In: Cassidy JT, Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology. 6th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011;211-235.
Szer IS, Kimura Y, Malleson PN, Southwood T, eds. Arthritis in Children and Adolescents. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Simon D, Fernando C, Czernichow P, Prieur AM. Linear growth and final height in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with longterm glococorticoids. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1296-1300.
Liem JJ, Rosenberg AM. Growth patterns in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003;21:663-668.
Hartman C, Shamir R, Eshach-Adiv O, Iosilevsky G, Brik R. Assessment of osteoporosis by quantitative ultrasound versus dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in children with chronic rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:981-985.
Lien G, Selvaag AM, Flato B, et al. A two-year prospective controlled study of bone mass and bone turnover in children with early juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:833-840.
Petty RE, Smith JR, Rosenbaum JT. Arthritis and uveitis in children. A pediatric rheumatology perspective. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;135:879-884.
Rosenberg AM. Uveitis associated with childhood rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002;14:542-547.
Calandra S, Gallo MC, Consolaro A, et al. Female sex and oligoarthritis category are not risk factors for uveitis in Italian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1416-1425.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines for ophthalmologic examinations in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1993;92:295-296.
Heiligenhaus A, Heinz C, Edelsten C, Kotaniemi K, Minden K. Review for disease of the year: epidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its associated uveitis: the probable risk factors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2013;21:180-191.
Prieur AM, Stephan JL. Macrophage activation syndrome in children with joint diseases. Rev Rheum Engl Ed. 1994;61:385-388.
Grom AA, Passo M. Macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr. 1996;129:630-632.
Sawhney S, Woo P, Murray KJ. Macrophage activation syndrome: a potentially fatal complication of rheumatic disorders. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85:421-426.
Stephan JL, Kone-Paut I, Galanbrun C, Mouy R, Bader-Meunier B, Prieur AM. Reactive haemophagocytic syndrome in children with inflammatory disorders. A retrospective study of 24 patients. Rheumatology. 2001;40:1285-1292.
Ravelli A, Martini A. Macrophage activation syndrome. In: Pediatric Rheumatology. Lehman TH, Cimaz R, eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2008:55-63.
Ravelli A. Macrophage activation syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002;14:548-552.
Minoia F, Davi S, Horne A, et al. Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multinational, multicenter study of 362 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66:3160-3169.
Minoia F, Davi S, Horne A, et al. Dissecting the heterogeneity of macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2015 [Epub ahead of print]; doi:10.3899/jrheum.141261.
De Kleer IM, Brinkman DM, Ferster A, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis: analysis of clinical effects, mortality, and transplant related morbidity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1318-1326.
Sreedharan A, Bowyer S, Wallace CA, et al. Macrophage activation syndrome and other systemic inflammatory conditions after BMT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006; 37:629-634.
Ravelli A, Magni-Manzoni S, Pistorio A, et al. Preliminary diagnostic guidelines for macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Pediatr. 2005; 146:598-604.
Davi S, Minoia F, Pistorio A, et al. Performance of current guidelines for diagnosis of macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66:2871-2880.
Davi S, Consolaro A, Guseinova D, et al. An international consensus survey of diagnostic criteria for macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2011; 38:764-768.
Minoia F, Davi S, Bovis F, et al. Development of new classification criteria for macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatology. 2014;12:O1.
Ravelli A, Minoia F, Davi S, et al. Development and initial validation of classification criteria for macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015; in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ravelli, A. (2016). Consequences and complications. In: Handbook of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08102-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08102-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Adis, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08101-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08102-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)