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Proposed Audio Watermarking Scheme

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Audio Watermark

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Abstract

Imperceptibility, robustness, and security are vital considerations in the design of any audio watermarking scheme for copyrights protection. In this chapter, a spread spectrum (SS)-based audio watermarking technique which involves the psychoacoustic model, multiple scrambling, adaptive synchronization, frequency alignment, and coded-image watermark is presented. To preserve the perceptual quality of the watermarked signal, amplitude shaping using the psychoacoustic model is employed. Also, the proposed scheme integrates multiple scrambling operations into the embedding process to prevent unauthorized detection. That is, the amount and position of the slots used for embedding each watermark bit are randomly set and certain subbands are randomly selected for the embedding. Moreover, adaptive synchronization and frequency alignment are developed to retrieve the watermarks from the attacked watermarked signals that suffer loss of synchronization. In addition, the information to be embedded can be encrypted with a coded-image, so as to provide a semantic meaning for verification as well as extra security.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    As mentioned in Sect. 4.1.2, the tile is the basic module for amplitude modulation in the watermark embedding. Therefore, the detection is focused directly on the tiles, not the slots.

  2. 2.

    As defined in Sect. 1.2.1, the input to the watermark detector is generally called the attacked signal, no matter whether it has been attacked or not. In the case that a watermarked signal has been attacked, we specifically call it an attacked watermarked signal.

  3. 3.

    The random stretching attack used by [9, 10] which was implemented by omitting or inserting a random number of samples (usually called “random samples cropping/inserting”) and the pitch shifting attack by linear interpolation are much less complicated than PITSM and TPPSM.

  4. 4.

    The word “watermarking” is abbreviated as “wming” in the first two boxes in Fig. 4.8.

  5. 5.

    By definition, a coded-image belongs to a binary image, which has only two values for each pixel.

  6. 6.

    Appcr1: Character Recognition at http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/nnet/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Yiqing Lin & Waleed H. Abdulla

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  1. Yiqing Lin
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  2. Waleed H. Abdulla
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Lin, Y., Abdulla, W.H. (2015). Proposed Audio Watermarking Scheme. In: Audio Watermark. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07974-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07974-5_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07973-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07974-5

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