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Relativistic Two-Fluid Formalism

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Introduction to Superfluidity

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 888))

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Abstract

What is the relation between the relativistic field-theoretical approach of the previous chapter and the two-fluid formalism explained in chap. 2? The answer to this question is not obvious because the two-fluid formalism developed for superfluid helium is manifestly non-relativistic, as one can see for example from the use of mass densities ρ s , ρ n . Since mass is not a conserved quantity, these densities have to be generalized in a relativistic framework.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The notation \(\overline{A}\), \(\overline{B}\), \(\overline{C}\) is chosen because we write the inverse transformation, see Eqs. (4.8), in terms of A, B, C, which is in accordance with [9] where A, B, C were termed anomaly, bulk, and caloric coefficients.

  2. 2.

    In our approximation, the superfluid density at T = 0 is solely given by the condensate, n s  = σ ρ 2. Therefore, superfluid density and condensate density are identical. In general, in an interacting system, the condensate density is smaller than the superfluid density [3, 5, 17], see also [19] for a discussion about the inequivalence of superfluid and condensate densities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria

    Andreas Schmitt

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  1. Andreas Schmitt
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Schmitt, A. (2015). Relativistic Two-Fluid Formalism. In: Introduction to Superfluidity. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 888. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07947-9_4

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