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The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth pp 53–72Cite as

Geochemical Trends of Archaean Magmatism

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Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 9))

Abstract

Comprehensive studies of well-exposed supracrustal sequences, including the Barberton Greenstone Belt, eastern Kaapvaal Craton, and Pilbara greenstone belts, northwestern Western Australia, allow detailed resolution of the relations between volcanic stratigraphy, isotopic ages and geochemistry, revealing systematic evolutionary trends of mantle and crust. This includes long term ~3.5 to ~3.2 Ga depletion of the source mantle in high field strength elements (HFS – Ti, Nb, rare earth elements) and a decrease in the ratio of Light REE to the heavy REE, as well as shorter term cycles displaying depletion and in some instances enrichment in the HFS elements, the latter likely implying juvenile mantle increments. Post 3.2 Ga basalts commonly display stronger LREE/HREE fractionation and Al-depleted compositions represented by high CaO/Al2O3 and TiO2/Al2O3, implying increased importance of garnet in mantle residues and thereby cooler higher P/T (pressure/temperature) regimes. Felsic volcanic sequences ranging from andesites and dacites at low stratigraphic levels to rhyolites and K-rhyolites at higher levels represent increasingly fractionated compositions with time. Similar trends are shown by Archaean plutonic suites, an example being the increasing importance of garnet fractionation with time from ~3.55 to ~3.45 Ga implied by an increase in Sr and therefore the plagioclase component in TTG magmas (Moyen JF, Stevens G, Kisters AFM, Belcher RW, TTG plutons of the Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrain, South Africa. In: Van Kranendonk MJ, Smithies RH, Bennett VC (eds) Earth’s oldest rocks. Developments in Precambrian geology 15. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 607–667, 2007).

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    Andrew Y. Glikson

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Glikson, A.Y. (2014). Geochemical Trends of Archaean Magmatism. In: The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07908-0_6

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