Abstract
In binary classification, it is sometimes difficult to label two training samples as negative. The aforementioned difficulty in obtaining true negative samples created a need for learning algorithms which does not use negative samples. This study aims to improve upon two PU learning algorithms, AGPS[2] and Roc-SVM[3] for protein interaction prediction. Two extensions to these algorithms is proposed; the first one is to use Random Forests as the classifier instead of support vector machines and the second is to combine the results of AGPS and Roc-SVM using a voting system. After these two approaches are implemented, their results was compared to the original algorithms as well as two well-known learning algorithms, ARACNE [9] and CLR [10]. In the comparisons, both the Random Forest (called AGPS-RF and Roc-RF) and the Hybrid algorithm performed well against the original SVM-classified ones. The improved algorithms also performed well against ARACNE and CLR.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kilic, C., Tan, M.: Positive unlabelled learning for deriving protein interaction networks. Netw. Modeling Anal. in Health Inform. and Bioinform. 1(3), 87–102 (2012)
Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y., Chen, L., Aihara, K.: Gene function prediction using labeled and unlabeled data. BMC Bioinformatics 9, 57 (2008)
Li, X., Liu, B.: Learning to classify texts using positive and unlabeled data. In: IJCAI 2003: Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 587–592 (2003)
Wang, C., Ding, C., Meraz, R.F., Holbrook, S.R.: PSoL: a positive sample only learning algorithm for finding non-coding RNA genes. Bioinformatics 22(21), 2590–2596 (2006)
Carter, R.J., Dubchak, I., Holbrook, S.R.: A computational approach to identify genes for functional RNAs in genomic sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 29(19), 3928–3938 (2001)
Elkan, C., Noto, K.: Learning classifiers from only positive and unlabeled data. In: KDD 2008: Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 213–220. ACM, New York (2008)
Mordelet, F., Vert, J.-P.: A bagging SVM to learn from positive and unlabeled examples (2010)
Liu, B., Lee, W.S., Yu, P.S., Li, X.: Partially supervised classification of text documents. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML (2002)
Margolin, A.A., Nemenman, I., Basso, K., Wiggins, C., Stolovitzky, G., Dalla Favera, R., Califano, A.: ARACNE: an algorithm for the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks in a mammalian cellular context. BMC Bioinformatics 7(suppl. 1), S7 (2006)
Faith, J.J., Hayete, B., Thaden, J.T., Mogno, I., Wierzbowski, J., et al.: Large-Scale Mapping and Validation of Escherichia coli Transcriptional Regulation from a Compendium of Expression Profiles. PLoS Biol. 5(1), e8 (2007), doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050008
Chang, C.-C., Lin, C.-J.: LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 2, 27:1–27:27 (2011)
Statistics, L.B., Breiman, L.: Random Forests. Machine Learning, 5–32 (2001)
Näppi, J.J., Regge, D., Yoshida, H.: Comparative Performance of Random Forest and Support Vector Machine Classifiers for Detection of Colorectal Lesions in CT Colonography. In: Yoshida, H., Sakas, G., Linguraru, M.G. (eds.) Abdominal Imaging. LNCS, vol. 7029, pp. 27–34. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Tang, Y., Krasser, S., He, Y., Yang, W., Alperovitch, D.: Support Vector Machines and Random Forests Modeling for Spam Senders Behavior Analysis. In: Proceedings of IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM 2008), Computer and Communications Network Security Symposium, New Orleans, LA (2008)
Rios, G., Zha, H.: Exploring support vector machines and random forests for spam detection. In: Proceedings of the First Conference on Email and Anti-Spam, Mountain View, CA, USA (2004)
Faith, et al.: Many microbe microarrays database: uniformly normalized affymetrix compendia with structured experimental metadata. Nucleic Acids Res. 36(Database issue), D866–D870 (2008), doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1088
Kerrien, S., Aranda, B., Breuza, L., Bridge, A., Broackes-Carter, F., Chen, C., Duesbury, M., Dumousseau, M., Feuermann, M., Hinz, U., Jandrasits, C., Jimenez, R.C., Khadake, J., Mahadevan, U., Masson, P., Pedruzzi, I., Pfeiffenberger, E., Porras, P., Raghunath, A., Roechert, B., Orchard1, S., Hermjakob, H.: The IntAct molecular interaction database in 2012. Nucleic Acids Res. 40(1), D841–D846 (2011), doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1088
Witten, H., Frank, E.: Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations. Morgan Kaufmann (October 1999), http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pancaroglu, D., Tan, M. (2014). Improving Positive Unlabeled Learning Algorithms for Protein Interaction Prediction. In: Saez-Rodriguez, J., Rocha, M., Fdez-Riverola, F., De Paz Santana, J. (eds) 8th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (PACBB 2014). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 294. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07581-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07581-5_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07580-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07581-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)