Skip to main content

Business and Sustainability: An Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Business and Sustainability

Part of the book series: Sustainability and Innovation ((SUSTAINABILITY))

  • 2053 Accesses

Abstract

Business increasingly participates in co-regulatory and self-regulatory arrangements along national governments, international organizations, civil society and private-public institutions. These co-regulatory and self-regulatory arrangements span multiple political arenas and jurisdictions from the community level to international relations. Fair trade and energy consumption labels, accounting and transparency standards as well forest certification and emissions trading are well known examples of the increasing role of business in the dynamic regulatory space.

Efforts to set up regulations are widespread in policy-domains that form part of the larger sustainability discourse. Demands to put sustainability and sustainable development onto the political agenda and the occurrence of business co-regulatory and self-regulatory arrangements have evolved in fairly parallel fashion since the 1990s. Business is frequently portrayed as the main (and often the only) source of environmental pollution, of decomposing social relationships and values through the exploitation of workers, of implementing profit and utility-maximization behaviour, of globalizing and homogenizing national cultural traditions, and of creatively destructing industries and national economies. However, most attempts to alleviate the business impact on the sustainable development of our planet involve at least some sort of business participation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anand, S., & Sen, A. (2000). Human development and economic sustainability. World Development, 28(12), 2029–2049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, R. N. L. (1998). Environmental regulation and business ‘self-regulation’. Policy Sciences, 31(3), 177–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, R., Angelstam, P., Degerman, E., Teitelbaum, S., Andersson, K., Elbakidze, M., et al. (2013). Social and cultural sustainability: Criteria, indicators, verifier variables for measurement and maps for visualization to support planning. Ambio, 42(2), 215–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, F. R. (2007). EU lobbying: A view from the US. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(3), 482–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Börzel, T. A., & Risse, T. (2005). Public-private partnerships: Effective and legitimate tools of international governance. In E. Grande & L. W. Pauly (Eds.), Reconstituting political authority. Complex sovereignty and the foundations of global governance (pp. 195–216). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility evolution of a definitional construct. Business & Society, 38(3), 268–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coen, D. (1998). European business interest and the nation state: Large-firm lobbying in the European Union and the member states. Journal of Public Policy, 18, 75–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coen, D. (2007). Empirical and theoretical studies in EU lobbying. Journal of European Public Policy, 14(3), 333–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conzelmann, T., & Wolf, K. D. (2007). Doing good while doing well? Potenzial und Grenzen grenzüberschreitender privatwirtschaftlicher Selbstregulierung. In A. Hasenclever, K.-D. Wolf, & M. Zürn (Eds.), Macht und Ohnmacht internationaler Institutionen, Frankfurt/M (pp. 145–175). Frankfurt: Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copus, A., & Crabtree, J. (1996). Indicators of socio-economic sustainability: An application to remote rural Scotland. Journal of Rural Studies, 12(1), 41–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, N., Bramley, G., Power, S., & Brown, C. (2011). The social dimension of sustainable development: Defining urban social sustainability. Sustainable Development, 19(5), 289–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doane, D., & Macgillivray, A. (2001). Economic Sustainability: The business of staying in business. London: The SIGMA Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duxbury, N., & Gillette, E. (2007). Culture as a key dimension of sustainability: Exploring concepts, themes and models (Centre of Expertise on Culture and Communities Working paper). Vancouver: Simon Fraser University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyllick, T., & Hockerts, K. (2002). Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 11(2), 130–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberlein, B., Abbott, K. W., Black, J., Meidinger, E., & Wood, S. (2013). Transnational business governance interactions: Conceptualization and framework for analysis. Regulation & Governance, (early view), 8, 1–21. doi:10.1111/rego.12030.

  • Eising, R. (2004). Multilevel governance and business interests in the European Union. Governance, 17(7), 242–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feil, M., Fischer, S., Haidvogl, A., & Zimmer, M. (2008). Bad guys, good guys, or something in between. Corporate governance contributions in zones of violent conflict (PRIF Reports 84). Frankfurt: Peace Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flohr, A., Rieth, L., Schwindenhammer, S., & Wolf, K. D. (2010). The role of business in global governance: Corporations as norm-entrepreneurs. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Found, P., & Rich, N. (2006). Making it all ‘add up’: A systems approach to economic sustainability. Cardiff: Cardiff Business School.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garriga, E., & Melé, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1–2), 51–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddings, B., Hopwood, B., & O’Brien, G. (2002). Environment, economy and society: Fitting them together into sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 10(4), 187–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodland, R. (1995). The concept of environmental sustainability. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grober, U. (2002). Modewort mit tiefen Wurzeln – Kleine Begriffsgeschichte von ,sustainability’ und ,Nachhaltigkeit’. In G. Altner, H. Leitschuh-Fecht, G. Michelsen, U. E. Simonis, & E. U. von Weizsäcker (Eds.), Jahrbuch Ökologie 2003 (pp.167–175) München: C. H. Beck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grote, J., Lang, A., & Schneider, V. (2008). Organized business interests in changing environments: The complexity of adaptation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gullberg, A. T. (2008). Lobbying friends and foes in climate policy: The case of business and environmental interest groups in the European Union. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2964–2972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunningham, N., & Rees, J. (1997). Industry self regulation: An institutional perspective. Law & Policy, 19(4), 363–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. K., & Lad, L. J. (1983). Industry self-regulation: An economic, organizational, and political analysis. Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 416–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemphill, T. A. (1992). Self-regulating industry behavior: Antitrust limitations and trade association codes of conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(12), 915–920.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Héritier, A., & Eckert, S. (2008). New modes of governance in the shadow of hierarchy: Self-regulation by industry in Europe. Journal of Public Policy, 28(1), 113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. A., & Levy, D. L. (2007). North American business strategies towards climate change. European Management Journal, 25(6), 428–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellow, A. (2002). Comparing business and public interest associability at the international level. International Political Science Review, 23(2), 175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellow, A., & Zito, A. (2002). Steering through complexity: EU environmental regulation in the international context. Political Studies, 50(1), 43–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, A., & Pinkse, J. (2005). Business responses to climate change: Identifying emergent strategies. California Management Review, 47(3), 6–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, A., Ronit, K., & Schneider, V. (2008). From Simple to complex: An evolutionary sketch of theories of business association. In J. R. Grote, A. Lang, & V. Schneider (Eds.), Organized business interests in changing environments: The complexity of adaptation (pp. 17–41). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. D. P. (2008). A review of the theories of corporate social responsibility: Its evolutionary path and the road ahead. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 53–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Littig, B., & Griessler, E. (2005). Social sustainability: A catchword between political pragmatism and social theory. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(1), 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowery, D., & Gray, V. (2004). A neopluralist perspective on research on organized interests. Political Research Quarterly, 57(1), 163–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majumdar, S., & Sen, K. (2007). The debt wish: Rent seeking by business groups and the structure of corporate borrowing in India. Public Choice, 130(1), 209–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcfarland, A. S. (2004). Neopluralism: The evolution of political process theory. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, S. (2004). Social sustainability: Towards some definitions. Magill: Hawke Research Institute, University of South Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcwilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melé, D. (2008). Corporate social responsibility theories. In A. Crane, D. Matten, A. McWilliams, J. Moon, & D. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility (pp. 48–82). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldan, B., Janouskova, S., & Hak, T. (2012). How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets. Ecological Indicators, 17, 4–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muchlinski, P. (2011). The changing face of transnational business governance: Private corporate law liability and accountability of transnational groups in a post-financial crisis world. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 18(2), 665–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, M., Fuentes, U., & Kohl, H. (2007). Der UN-Weltklimareport, Bericht über eine aufhaltsame Katastrophe, Köln: KiWi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2001). OECD environmental strategy for the first decade of the 21st century. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottaway, M. (2001). Corporatism goes global: International organizations, nongovernmental organization networks, and transnational business. Global Governance, 7, 265–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattberg, P. (2005). The institutionalization of private governance: How business and nonprofit organizations agree on transnational rules. Governance, 18(4), 589–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pezzey, J. (1989). Economic analysis of sustainable growth and sustainable development (Environment Department Working Paper, 15). Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pullman, M. E., Maloni, M. J., & Carter, C. R. (2009). Food for thought: Social versus environmental sustainability practices and performance outcomes. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 45(4), 38–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rees, J. (1988). Reforming the workplace: A study of self-regulation in occupational safety. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronit, K. (Ed.). (2012). Business and climate policy: The potentials and pitfalls of private voluntary programs. New York: United Nations University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronit, K., & Schneider, V. (1999). Global governance through private organizations. Governance, 12(3), 243–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, G. R., & Podmore, T. H. (2000). A generalized environmental sustainability index for agricultural systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 79(1), 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smismans, S. (2008). The European social dialogue in the shadow of hierarchy. Journal of Public Policy, 28(1), 161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Streeck, W., & Schmitter, P. C. (1985). Private interest government: Beyond market and state. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, J. (2000). Foreign aid and rent-seeking. Journal of International Economics, 51(2), 437–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Throsby, D. (1999). Cultural capital. Journal of Cultural Economics, 23(1–2), 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Throsby, C. D. (2005). On the sustainability of cultural capital. Sydney: Department of Economics, Macquarie University.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (1982). World conference on cultural policies. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2002). Report of the World summit on sustainable development. New York: UN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallance, S., Perkins, H. C., & Dixon, J. E. (2011). What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts. Geoforum, 42(3), 342–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagemann, C. (2005). Private interest governments are dead. Long live private interest governments? Lessons from Swiss cows. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, 11(3), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, K. D. (2008). Emerging patterns of global governance: The new interplay between the state, business and civil society. In A. G. Scherer & G. Palazzo (Eds.), Handbook of research on global corporate citizenship (pp. 225–248). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2006). Where is the wealth of nations?: Measuring capital for the 21st century. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2010). Vision 2050: The new agenda for business. Geneva: WBCSD.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. New York: UN.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the Fritz Thyssen Foundation (Cologne) for their generous support of the kick-off conference ‘Business and Sustainability’, 3–4 June 2011, Konstanz, Germany. Their workshop grant enabled us to invite numerous contributors and discussants from North America, Europe and Australia.

Previous versions of many chapters were presented and discussed at panels and sessions organized by the Research Committee 38 “Politics and Business” of the International Political Science Association. We would like to thank the participants of RC 38 panels at the IPSA world conference in Madrid and the ICPP conference in Grenoble for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the chapters.

We would also like to thank the contributors to this volume not only for the quality of their papers but also for their patience during what was a rather extended production period.

The project benefitted from the help of many individuals and we are grateful for their support. We would like to particularly thank Marina Brügel and Stephanie Smith at the University of Konstanz for assistance in formatting and in editing the contributions. We also very much appreciated suggestions and comments from Aynsley Kellow. At Springer, Barbara Fess and Marion Kreisel supported the project and its publication. Mrs. Vinodhini, Project Manager at Content Solutions – SPi Global, did a fantastic job in editing and formatting the book.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Achim Lang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lang, A., Murphy, H. (2014). Business and Sustainability: An Introduction. In: Lang, A., Murphy, H. (eds) Business and Sustainability. Sustainability and Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07239-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics