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Perioperative Medical Management for Total Joint Arthroplasty pp 269–286Cite as

Antibiofilm Strategies in Orthopedics: Where Are We?

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Abstract

Implant-related infections are among the main reasons for joint arthroplasty and osteosynthesis failure. Despite host’s immune system and antibiotic prophylaxis, implant infection may follow bacterial adhesion to biomaterials and biofilm formation, a main reason for bacterial persistence.

Over the past 20 years, a wide range of different antibiofilm agents have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results that emerged are promising, though their implementation in orthopedics is still at an early stage. Here we review the main results and propose an original classification of antibiofilm agents, sorted according to their action mechanism. Molecules interfering with biofilm formation (biofilm prevention agents) include anti-adhesion compounds, quorum-sensing inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial peptides, and active bioglass. N-Acetylcysteine and specific enzymes are able to disrupt already established biofilms (biofilm-disrupting agents). An alternative approach relies on the identification of antimicrobials able to bypass the biofilm barrier (biofilm-bypassing agents) and on the development of antibiofilm vaccine. Local application of antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, like implant coating, is a feasible and promising approach, while systemic antibiofilm treatment is still restricted to animal models. Further research in this promising field appears necessary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Reconstructive Surgery and Osteoarticular Infections (Centro di Chirurgia Ricostruttiva e delle Infezioni Osteo-articolari – C.R.I.O.), Istituto Ortopedico IRCCS Galeazzi, via R. Galeazzi, 4, Milan, 20161, Italy

    Carlo Luca Romanò & Nicola Logoluso

  2. Clinical-Chemistry and Microbiology Lab, Istituto Ortopedico IRCCS Galeazzi, via R. Galeazzi, 4, Milan, 20161, Italy

    Lorenzo Drago

Authors
  1. Carlo Luca Romanò
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  2. Nicola Logoluso
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  3. Lorenzo Drago
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Correspondence to Carlo Luca Romanò .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Baldini

  2. San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy

    Patrizio Caldora

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Romanò, C.L., Logoluso, N., Drago, L. (2015). Antibiofilm Strategies in Orthopedics: Where Are We?. In: Baldini, A., Caldora, P. (eds) Perioperative Medical Management for Total Joint Arthroplasty. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07203-6_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07203-6_22

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