Skip to main content

Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP), developed during the 1980s and 1990s of the last century, has proven to be as effective as other trauma-focused treatments (Gersons et al. 2000; Lindauer et al. 2005; Bradley et al. 2005; NICE 2005; Bisson et al. 2013; Schnyder et al. 2011). What makes BEPP special is that it is a comprehensive treatment especially developed for PTSD in which effective elements from different psychotherapy schools have been integrated into a logical sequence. In contrast to other trauma-focused treatments, BEPP focuses on the expression of strong emotions like sorrow and anger which stem from the traumatic event and on learning from the way the event has changed someone’s life. Some trauma-focused treatments disregard that the losses of trauma bring forth a lasting change and therefore seem to give the message that the patient will be the same as before the trauma, whereas the message in BEPP is that one becomes “sadder and wiser” and finds a new equilibrium with the surrounding world. BEPP is structured and delivered in 16 sessions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The BEPP protocol can be requested from the authors and through the BEPP website www.traumatreatment.eu. The protocol is available in Dutch, English, German, Lithuanian, and Georgian and will be also translated in Rumanian, Italian, and Polish.

References

  • Bisson, J., Roberts, N.P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 12:CD003388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brewin, C. R. (2014). Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 69–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748–766.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davanloo, H. (1987). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Basic principles and techniques. New York/London: Spectrum Publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gersons, B. P. R. (1989). Patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder among police officers following shooting incidents; The two-dimensional model and some treatment implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(3), 247–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gersons, B. P. R., Carlier, I. V. E., Lamberts, R. D., & van der Kolk, B. (2000). A randomized clinical trial of brief eclectic psychotherapy in police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(2), 333–347.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gersons, B.P.R., & Olff, M. (2005) Behandelingsstrategieën bij posttraumatische stress stoornissen, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, M. J. (1976). Stress response syndromes. Northvale: Jason Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress response syndromes (2nd revised ed.). Northvale: Jason Aronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindauer, R. J. L., Booij, J., Habraken, J. B., Uylings, H. B., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., den Heeten, G. J., van Eck-Smit, B. L., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2004). Cerebral blood flow changes during script-driven imagery in police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 56(5), 356–363.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindauer, R. J. L., Gersons, B. P. R., van Meijel, E. P. M., Blom, K., Carlier, I. V. E., Vrijlandt, I., & Olff, M. (2005). Effects of Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 205–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindauer, R. T., van Meijel, E. P., Jalink, M., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., & Gersons, B. P. (2006). Heart rate responsivity to script-driven imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder: Specificity of response and effects of psychotherapy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(1), 33–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindauer, R. J., Booij, J., Habraken, J. B., van Meijel, E. P., Uylings, H. B., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., den Heeten, G. J., van Eck-Smit, B. L., & Gersons, B. P. (2008). Effects of psychotherapy on regional cerebral blood flow during trauma imagery in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 543–554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindemann, E. (1944). Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, 141–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meewisse, M. L., Olff, M., Kleber, R., Kitchiner, N. J., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2011). The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: Predictors and comorbidity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(4), 405–413.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2005). The Management of PTSD in primary and secondary care. London: NICE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijdam, M. J. (2013). Memory traces of trauma: Neurocognitive aspects of and therapeutic approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder. The Netherlands: BOXpress, ‘s Hertogenbosch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized controlled. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 224–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nijdam, M. J., Baas, M. A., Olff, M., & Gersons, B. P. (2013). Hotspots in trauma memories and their relationship to successful trauma-focused psychotherapy: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(1), 38–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olff, M., de Vries, G. J., Guzelcan, Y., Assies, J., & Gersons, B. P. (2007). Changes in cortisol and DHEA plasma levels after psychotherapy for PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32(6), 619–626.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnyder, U. (2005). Why new psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74, 199–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schnyder, U., Müller, J., Maercker, J., & Wittmann, L. (2011). Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(4), 564–566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smit, A. S., Gersons, B. P. R., van Buschbach, S., den Dekker, M., Mouthaan, J., & Olff, M. (2013). PTSD in the police – A better view; 16 years police outpatient department, 1000 clients, [PTSS bij de politie – een beter beeld; 16 jaar politiepoli, 1000 gebruikers]. Politieacademie, (in Dutch).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulman, R. B., & Brothers, D. (1988). The shattered self: A psychoanalytic study of trauma. Hillsdale: The Analytic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. P., Friedman, M. J., & Lindy, J. D. (2001). A holistic, organismic approach to healing trauma and PTSD. In J. P. Wilson, M. J. Friedman, & J. D. Lindy (Eds.), Treating psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 28–58). New York/London: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Berthold P. R. Gersons .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gersons, B.P.R., Meewisse, ML., Nijdam, M.J. (2015). Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD. In: Schnyder, U., Cloitre, M. (eds) Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07108-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07109-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics