Abstract
Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD (BEPP), developed during the 1980s and 1990s of the last century, has proven to be as effective as other trauma-focused treatments (Gersons et al. 2000; Lindauer et al. 2005; Bradley et al. 2005; NICE 2005; Bisson et al. 2013; Schnyder et al. 2011). What makes BEPP special is that it is a comprehensive treatment especially developed for PTSD in which effective elements from different psychotherapy schools have been integrated into a logical sequence. In contrast to other trauma-focused treatments, BEPP focuses on the expression of strong emotions like sorrow and anger which stem from the traumatic event and on learning from the way the event has changed someone’s life. Some trauma-focused treatments disregard that the losses of trauma bring forth a lasting change and therefore seem to give the message that the patient will be the same as before the trauma, whereas the message in BEPP is that one becomes “sadder and wiser” and finds a new equilibrium with the surrounding world. BEPP is structured and delivered in 16 sessions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
The BEPP protocol can be requested from the authors and through the BEPP website www.traumatreatment.eu. The protocol is available in Dutch, English, German, Lithuanian, and Georgian and will be also translated in Rumanian, Italian, and Polish.
References
Bisson, J., Roberts, N.P., Andrew, M., Cooper, R., & Lewis, C. (2013). Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 12:CD003388.
Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214–227.
Brewin, C. R. (2014). Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 69–97.
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748–766.
Davanloo, H. (1987). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy: Basic principles and techniques. New York/London: Spectrum Publ.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
Gersons, B. P. R. (1989). Patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder among police officers following shooting incidents; The two-dimensional model and some treatment implications. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(3), 247–257.
Gersons, B. P. R., Carlier, I. V. E., Lamberts, R. D., & van der Kolk, B. (2000). A randomized clinical trial of brief eclectic psychotherapy in police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(2), 333–347.
Gersons, B.P.R., & Olff, M. (2005) Behandelingsstrategieën bij posttraumatische stress stoornissen, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
Horowitz, M. J. (1976). Stress response syndromes. Northvale: Jason Aronson.
Horowitz, M. J. (1986). Stress response syndromes (2nd revised ed.). Northvale: Jason Aronson.
Lindauer, R. J. L., Booij, J., Habraken, J. B., Uylings, H. B., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., den Heeten, G. J., van Eck-Smit, B. L., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2004). Cerebral blood flow changes during script-driven imagery in police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 56(5), 356–363.
Lindauer, R. J. L., Gersons, B. P. R., van Meijel, E. P. M., Blom, K., Carlier, I. V. E., Vrijlandt, I., & Olff, M. (2005). Effects of Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized clinical trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 205–212.
Lindauer, R. T., van Meijel, E. P., Jalink, M., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., & Gersons, B. P. (2006). Heart rate responsivity to script-driven imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder: Specificity of response and effects of psychotherapy. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(1), 33–40.
Lindauer, R. J., Booij, J., Habraken, J. B., van Meijel, E. P., Uylings, H. B., Olff, M., Carlier, I. V., den Heeten, G. J., van Eck-Smit, B. L., & Gersons, B. P. (2008). Effects of psychotherapy on regional cerebral blood flow during trauma imagery in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 543–554.
Lindemann, E. (1944). Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, 141–148.
Meewisse, M. L., Olff, M., Kleber, R., Kitchiner, N. J., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2011). The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: Predictors and comorbidity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(4), 405–413.
National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2005). The Management of PTSD in primary and secondary care. London: NICE.
Nijdam, M. J. (2013). Memory traces of trauma: Neurocognitive aspects of and therapeutic approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder. The Netherlands: BOXpress, ‘s Hertogenbosch.
Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Brief eclectic psychotherapy versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized controlled. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 224–231.
Nijdam, M. J., Baas, M. A., Olff, M., & Gersons, B. P. (2013). Hotspots in trauma memories and their relationship to successful trauma-focused psychotherapy: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(1), 38–44.
Olff, M., de Vries, G. J., Guzelcan, Y., Assies, J., & Gersons, B. P. (2007). Changes in cortisol and DHEA plasma levels after psychotherapy for PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32(6), 619–626.
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52–73.
Schnyder, U. (2005). Why new psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74, 199–201.
Schnyder, U., Müller, J., Maercker, J., & Wittmann, L. (2011). Brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(4), 564–566.
Smit, A. S., Gersons, B. P. R., van Buschbach, S., den Dekker, M., Mouthaan, J., & Olff, M. (2013). PTSD in the police – A better view; 16 years police outpatient department, 1000 clients, [PTSS bij de politie – een beter beeld; 16 jaar politiepoli, 1000 gebruikers]. Politieacademie, (in Dutch).
Ulman, R. B., & Brothers, D. (1988). The shattered self: A psychoanalytic study of trauma. Hillsdale: The Analytic Press.
Wilson, J. P., Friedman, M. J., & Lindy, J. D. (2001). A holistic, organismic approach to healing trauma and PTSD. In J. P. Wilson, M. J. Friedman, & J. D. Lindy (Eds.), Treating psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 28–58). New York/London: Guilford Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gersons, B.P.R., Meewisse, ML., Nijdam, M.J. (2015). Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD. In: Schnyder, U., Cloitre, M. (eds) Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07108-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07109-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)