Abstract
In this chapter, we report on a novel fabrication process developed to realize metal-dielectric crystals onto optical fibers by a self-assembly technique. Breath figures methodology is selected as a technological tool to operate directly onto non-conventional substrates like optical fibers. Regular and ordered metallo-dielectric crystals are easily integrated onto the optical fiber tip, providing the basis for the rapid and cost effective prototyping of photonic-plasmonic nanoprobes for advanced sensing applications. In order to validate the proposed fabrication route, we develop a first technological platform capable of supporting interferometric effects assisted by surface plasmon excitation at the metallo-dielectric interface. We investigated the sensing properties of the realized optical fiber probes, the results of which revealed an exceptional sensitivity with respect to the refractive index, as high as 2300 nm/RIU, enabling the employment of the optical fiber platform to be used as optical nano-probe for label-free chemical and biological sensing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
K.C. Kao, G.A. Hockham, Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies. Proc. IEE 113(3), 191–198 (1966)
A. Cusano, M. Consales, M. Pisco, A. Crescitelli, A. Ricciardi, E. Esposito, A. Cutolo, Lab on fiber technology and related devices, part I: a new technological scenario; Lab on fiber technology and related devices, part II: the impact of the nanotechnologies. Proc. SPIE 8001, 800122 (2011)
B. Culshaw, A. Kersey, Fiber-optic sensing: a historical perspective. J. Lightwave Technol. 26(9), 1064–1078 (2008)
A. Cusano, A. Cutolo, J. Albert, (eds.), Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors : Recent Advancements, Industrial Applications and Market Exploitation (Bentham Science Publishers, Oak Park, 2011), pp. 197–217
A. Cusano, M. Giordano, A. Cutolo, M. Pisco, M. Consales, Integrated development of chemoptical fiber nanosensors. Curr. Anal. Chem., Bentham Sci. Publ. 4(4), 296–315 (2008)
P. Russell, Photonic crystal fibers. Science 299, 358–362 (2003)
J.C. Knight, Photonic crystal fibers. Nature 424, 847–851 (2003)
A. Cusano, D. Paladino, A. Iadicicco, Microstructured fiber bragg gratings. J. of Lightwave Technol. 27(11), 1663–1697, ISSN: 0733-8724 (2009)
A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cusano, Long period gratings in hollow core fibers by pressure assisted arc discharge technique. Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(21), 1567–1569 (2011)
D. Psaltis, S.R. Quake, C. Yang, Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics. Nature 442, 381–386 (2006)
J. Canning, M. Stevenson, T.K. Yip, S.K. Lim, C. Martelli, White light sources based on multiple precision selective micro-filling of structured optical waveguides. Opt. Express 16(20), 15700–15708 (2008)
M. Pisco, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, A. Cusano, Structured chirped fiber bragg gratings. J. Lightwave Technol. 26(12) 1613–1625 (15 June 2008)
F. Poli, A. Cucinotta, S. Selleri, Photonic crystal fibers, properties and applications (Material Science Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht, 2007)
G. Brambilla, Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review. J. Opt. 12(4), 043001 (2010)
M. Consales, M. Pisco, A. Cusano, Lab-on-fiber technology: a new avenue for optical nanosensors. Photonic Sens. 2(4), 289–314 (2012)
M. Consales, A. Ricciardi, A. Crescitelli, E. Esposito, A. Cutolo, A. Cusano, Lab-on-fiber technology: toward multifunctional optical nanoprobes. ACS Nano 6(4), 3163–3170 (2012)
A.F. Abouraddy, M. Bayindir, G. Benoit, S.D. Hart, K. Kuriki, N. Orf, O. Shapira, F. Sorin, B. Temelkuran, Y. Fink, Towards multimaterial multifunctional fibres that see, hear, sense and communicate. Nat. Mater. 6, 336–347 (2007)
M. Bayindir, F. Sorin, S. Hart, O. Shapira, J.D. Joannopoulos, Y. Fink, Metal–insulator–semiconductor optoelectronic fibres. Nature 431, 826–829 (2004)
Alexander Gumennik, Alexander M. Stolyarov, Brent R. Schell, Chong Hou, Guillaume Lestoquoy, Fabien Sorin, William McDaniel, Aimee Rose, John D. Joannopoulos, Yoel Fink, All-in-fiber chemical sensing. Adv. Mater. 24(45), 6005–6009 (2012)
S. Egusa, Z. Wang, N. Chocat, Z.M. Ruff, A.M. Stolyarov, D. Shemuly, F. Sorin, P.T. Rakich, J.D. Joannopoulos, Y. Fink, Multimaterial piezoelectric fibres. Nat. Mater. 9(8), 643–648 (2010)
S. Fan, J.D. Joannopoulos, Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs. Phys. Rev. B 65, 235112 (2002)
A. Ricciardi, I. Gallina, S. Campopiano, G. Castaldi, M. Pisco, V. Galdi, A. Cusano, Guided resonances in photonic quasicrystals. Opt. Express 17(8), 6335–6346 (2009)
M. Pisco, A. Ricciardi, I. Gallina, G. Castaldi, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, A. Cusano, V. Galdi, Tuning efficiency and sensitivity of guided resonances in photonic crystals and quasi-crystals: a comparative study. Opt. Express 18(16), 17280–17293 (2010)
E.J. Smythe, M.D. Dickey, G.M. Whitesides, F.A. Capasso, A technique to transfer metallic nanoscale patterns to small and non-planar surfaces. ACS Nano 3, 59–65 (2009)
E.J. Smythe, M.D. Dickey, J. Bao, G.M. Whitesides, F. Capasso, Optical antenna arrays on a fiber facet for in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection. Nano Lett. 9(3), 1132–1138 (2009)
D.J. Lipomi, R.V. Martinez, M.A. Kats, S.H. Kang, P. Kim, J. Aizenberg, F. Capasso, G.M. Whitesides, Patterning the tips of optical fibers with metallic nanostructures using nanoskiving. Nano Lett. 11(2), 632–636 (2011)
W. Jung, B. Park, J. Provine, R.T. Howe, O. Solgaard, Highly sensitive monolithic silicon photonic crystal fiber tip sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature. J. Lightwave Technol. 29, 1367–1374 (2011)
G. Shambat, J. Provine, K. Rivoire, T. Sarmiento, J. Harris, J. Vuckovic, Optical fiber tips functionalized with semiconductor photonic crystal cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 191102 (2011)
S. Scheerlinck, P. Dubruel, P. Bienstman, E. Schacht, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, Metal grating patterning on fiber facets by UV-based nano imprint and transfer lithography using optical alignment. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(10), 1415–1420 (2009)
A. Dhawan, M.D. Gerhold, J.F. Muth, Plasmonic structures based on subwavelength apertures for chemical and biological sensing applications. Sens. J. IEEE 8(6), 942–950 (2008)
Y. Lin, Y. Zou, R.G. Lindquist, A reflection-based localized surface plasmon resonance fiber-optic probe for biochemical sensing. Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 478–484 (2011)
M. Pisco, G. Quero, A. Iadicicco, M. Giordano, F. Galeotti, A. Cusano, Lab on fiber using self-assembly technique: a preliminary study. Proceedings of SPIE 8421, OFS2012 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, 842188, 2012
M. Pisco, G. Quero, A. Iadicicco, M. Giordano, F. Galeotti, A. Cusano, Lab on fiber by using the breath figure technique. Proceedings of SPIE 8774, 87740R, Optical Sensors 2013
M. Pisco, G. Quero, A. Iadicicco, M. Giordano, F. Galeotti, A. Cusano, Ultrasensitive nanoprobes based on metallo-dielectric crystals integrated onto optical fiber tips using the breath figures technique. Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol 8794, 87942P, Fifth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, 2013
George M. Whitesides, Bartosz Grzybowski, Self-assembly at all scales. Science 295(5564), 2418–2421 (2002)
J.F. Galisteo-López, M. Ibisate, R. Sapienza, L.S. Froufe-Pérez, Á. Blanco, C. López, Self-assembled photonic structures. Adv. Mater. 23(1), 30–69 (2011)
Y.A. Vlasov, X.-Z. Bo, J.C. Sturm, D.J. Norris, On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals. Nature 414, 289–293 (2001)
A. Bolognesi, C. Mercogliano, S. Yunus, M. Civardi, D. Comoretto, A. Turturro, Self-organization of polystyrenes into ordered microstructured films and their replication by soft lithography. Langmuir 21(8), 3480–3485 (2005)
M. Srinivasarao, D. Collings, A. Philips, S. Patel, Three-dimensionally ordered array of air bubbles in a polymer film. Science 292(5514), 79–83 (2001)
M.H. Stenzel, C. Barner-Kowollik, T.P. Davis, Formation of honeycomb-structured, porous films via breath figures with different polymer architectures. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 44, 2363 (2006)
M. Haupt, S. Miller, R. Sauer, K. Thonke, A. Mourran, M. Moeller, Breath figures: self-organizing masks for the fabrication of photonic crystals and dichroic filters. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 3065 (2004)
P. Escalé, L. Rubatat, L. Billon, M. Save, Recent advances in honeycomb-structured porous polymer films prepared via breath figures. Eur. Polymer J. 48(6), 1001–1025 (2012)
M. Hernández-Guerrero, M.H. Stenzel, Honeycomb structured polymer films via breath figures. Polym. Chem. 3, 563–577 (2012)
F. Galeotti, V. Calabrese, M. Cavazzini, S. Quici, C. Poleunis, S. Yunus, A. Bolognesi, Self-functionalizing polymer film surfaces assisted by specific polystyrene end-tagging. Chem. Mater. 22, 2764–2769 (2010)
A. Ricciardi, M. Pisco, I. Gallina, S. Campopiano, V. Galdi, L. O’ Faolain, T.F. Krauss, A. Cusano, Experimental evidence of guided-resonances in photonic crystals with aperiodically ordered supercells. Opt. Lett. 35, 3946–3948 (2010) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-23-3946
A. Ricciardi, M. Pisco, A. Cutolo, A. Cusano, L.O’ Faolain, T.F. Krauss, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi, Evidence of guided resonances in photonic quasicrystal slabs. Phys. Rev. B 84, 085135 (2011)
J.N. Anker, W.P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N.C Shah, J. Zhao, R.P. Van Duyne, Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors. Nat. Mater. 7, 442–453 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pisco, M., Quero, G., Iadicicco, A., Giordano, M., Galeotti, F., Cusano, A. (2015). Lab on Fiber by Using the Breath Figure Technique. In: Cusano, A., Consales, M., Crescitelli, A., Ricciardi, A. (eds) Lab-on-Fiber Technology. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06998-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06998-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-06997-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-06998-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)