Abstract
Today in most science, technology, engineering and mathematics (hereafter STEM) fields more than 90 % of research studies and publications are collaborative, leading to a “collaboration imperative.” Not only does team-based collaborative research more often lead to high impact research and to commercial uses of research as reflected in patents, in many fields it is not possible to thrive as a single investigator. If one’s work depends on access to samples or specimens or to extremely expensive shared equipment, then collaboration and research are essentially one in the same, and, thus, the collaboration imperative. Thus, despite significant variation by field, discipline and geography, contemporary STEM research is dominated by collaboration, teams, networks and co-authorship.
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- 1.
This refers to assessing empirically whether or not the outcomes of boundary-spanning research collaborations would have occurred even if the collaboration had not ever occurred. It is analogous to the more general empirical challenge of discerning empirically the net effects of any public policy, management technique, or treatment/intervention when randomization is not a research design possibility. Bozeman and colleagues (2013) discuss this problem, which the science policy literature refers to as the problem of “additionality,” at length in their recent review of the literature on individual-level research collaboration.
- 2.
Though typically these terms are used to refer just to boundary-spanning research collaborations in a university and/or government setting, the current review addresses fully the literature on boundary-spanning research collaboration amongst private firms.
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Bozeman, B., Boardman, C. (2014). Assessing Research Collaboration Studies: A Framework for Analysis. In: Research Collaboration and Team Science. SpringerBriefs in Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06468-0_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06468-0_1
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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Online ISBN: 978-3-319-06468-0
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