Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spike Diseases Caused by Fungi

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Wheat Diseases and Their Management

Abstract

Wheat spikes are attacked by several fungal diseases out of which only Scab, Pyricularia blast, Smuts, Bunts and Ergot are described in the following pages. Other fungal diseases are dealt with under a different chapter since they also attack leaves and seeds. Smut and bunt diseases are sometimes referred as “Smuts”. There are two kinds of smut diseases; the Loose smut and the flag smut. The Loose smut is of common occurrence wherever wheat is grown whereas Flag smut occurs in restricted areas. As regards bunts, there are three kinds called Common bunt, Dwarf bunt and Karnal bunt. These bunt diseases have been eradicated from some countries including Brazil, due to an obligatory act of seed treatment with mercury based fungicides. After the Common bunt and the Dwarf bunt have been eradicated the compulsory seed treatment law was lifted in the 1960s and since then their occurrence has not been reported from Brazil. The bunts are still important in some other countries. Comprehensive information especially on smuts and bunts is presented by several workers (Heald and Holton 1940; Fischer and Holton 1957; Western 1971; Wilcoxson and Saari 1996; Bockus et al. 2010).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Selected References

  • Agarwal VK (1986) Karnal bunt of wheat—a seed-borne disease of considerable importance. Seed Res 14:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal PC, Mortensen CN (1989) Seed-borne diseases and seed health testing of rice. Technical Bulletin No. 3, Danish Govt Inst of Seed Pathol & CAB Inter Mycol Inst. Copenhagen, Denmark, 106 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal VK, Verma HS (1883) A simple technique for the detection of Karnal bunt infection in wheat seed samples. Seed Res 11:100–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal VK, Verma HS (1979) Karnal bunt of wheat—a view on seed certification standards. Seed Technol News 9(3):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberione E, Bainotti C, Cettour I, Salines J (2008) Evaluación de enfermedades en trigo en siembra de verano en el NEA argentino-Campaña 2007/2008. 7º Congreso Nacional de Trigo. Santa Rosa, La Pampa

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan RE (1976) Flag smut reaction in wheat: its genetic control and association with other traits. Crop Sci 16:685–687

    Google Scholar 

  • Atanasoff D (1920) Fusarium-blight (scab) of wheat and other cereals. J Agric Res 20:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Aujla SS, Grewal AS, Gill KS, Sharma I (1980) Effect of Karnal bunt on chappati making properties of wheat grains. Crop Improv 7:147–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Aujla SS, Sharma I, Gill KS, Grewal AS (1985) Variable resistance in wheat germplasm on Neovossia indica c-7 (abst.). In: Proceedings of the third national seminar on genetics and wheat improvement. Ind. Agri. Res. Institute, Regional station, Flowerdale, Simla, India, 8–10 May

    Google Scholar 

  • Babadoost M (2000) Comments on the zero tolerance quarantine of Karnal bunt of wheat. Plant Dis 84:711–712

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahadoost M, Mathre E, Johnston RH, Bonde MR (2004) Survival of teliospores of Tilletia indica in soil. Plant Dis 88:56–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai G, Shaner G (1994) Scab of wheat: prospects and control. Plant Dis 78:760–766

    Google Scholar 

  • Bain DC, Patel BN, Patel MV (1972) Blast of ryegrassin Mississippi. Plant Dis Reptr 56:210

    Google Scholar 

  • Barea G, Toledo J (1996) Identificación y zonificación de Piricularia o bruzone (Pyriciularia oryzae) en el cultivo del trigo en el dpto. de Santa Cruz. CIAT. Informe Técnico. Proyecto de Investigación Trigo, Santa Cruz, pp 76–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedi SKA, Sikka MR, Mundkur BB (1949) Transmission of wheat bunt due to Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur. Indian Phytopathol 2:20–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergstrom GC (1993) Scab (Fusarium head blight). In: Mathur SB, Cunfer BM (eds) Seed-borne diseases and seed health testing of wheat. Jordbrugsforlaget, Denmark, pp 83–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Bockus WW, Bowden RL, Hunger RM, Murray TD, Smiley RW (2010) Compendium of wheat diseases and pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, p 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonde MR, Prescott JM, Matsumoto TT, Peterson GL (1989) Possible dissemination of teliospores of Tilletia indica by the practice of burning wheat stubble. Phytopathology 77:639

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgen A (2010) Sono Steam heat treatment to control common bunt in wheat and spelt. XVI Bienn, Workshop on the smuts and bunts, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgen A, Kristensen L (2010) Spore contamination of Tilletia tritici in seed lots as affected by field disease incidence. XVI Bienn, Workshop on the Smuts and Bunts, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgen A, Rasmussen SK, Buckes G (2010) BioBreed—a new project on marker assisted population breeding in wheat with resistance to common bunt. XVI Bienn, Workshop on the smuts and bunts, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Bove FJ (1970) The story of Ergot. S. Karger AG, Basel, 297 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal G, Elen O, Hofgaard I (2012) Fusarium epidemics of oats and spring wheat in Norway and IPM strategies (p 81). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruno AC, Urashima AS (2001) Inter-relação sexual de Magnaporthe grisea do trigo com a brusone de outros hospedeiros. Fitopatologia Brasileira 26:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • C.A.B. International Commonwealth Mycological Institute (CMI) (1968) Distribution maps of plant diseases No. 297, 2nd edn, Tilletia controversa. Kuhn, Kew Surrey

    Google Scholar 

  • C.A.B. International, Commonwealth Mycological Institute (CMI) (1973) Gibberella zeae. Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. No. 384, Kew Surrey, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • C.A.B. International Commonwealth Mycological Institute (CMI) (1991) Distribution maps of plant diseases No. 80. 5th edn, Urosystis agropyri (Preus) Schroet. Kew Surrey

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell WP, Freisen HA (1959) The control of ergot in cereal crops. Plant Dis Reptr 43:1266–1267

    Google Scholar 

  • Carris LM (2010) Common bunt (striking smut). In: Buckus WW et al (eds) Compendium of wheat diseases and pests, 3rd edn. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, pp 60–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Carris LM, Castlebury LA, Goates BJ (2006) Nonsystemic bunt fungi—Tilletia indica and T. horrida: a review of history, systematics, and biology. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:113–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter JP, Rezanoor HN, Disjardins AE, Nicholson P (2000) Variation in Fusarium graminearum isolates from Nepal associated with their host of origin. Plant Pathol 49(4):452–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carver RB, Rush MC, Lindberg GD (1972) An epiphytotic of ryegrass blast in Lusiana. Plant Dis Reptr 56:157–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Casa RT, Reis EM, Blum MMC, Scheer O, Zanata T (2004) Danos causados pela infecção de Gibberella zeae em trigo. Fitopatologia Brasileira 29:289–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Casshion NL, Luttrell ES (1988) Host-parasite relationship in Karnal bunt of wheat. Phytopathology 78:75–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassini R (1981) Fusarium diseases of cereals in western Europe (pp 56–63). In: Nelson PE et al (eds) Fusarium: diseases, biology and taxonomy. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 457 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Castlebury LA, Carris LM, Vánky K (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Tilletia and allied genera in order Tilletiales (Ustilaginomycetes; Exobasidiomycetidae) based on large subunit nuclear rDNA sequences. Mycologia 97:888–900

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Champeil A, Dore T, Fourber JF (2004) Fusarium head blight: epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attacks and the production of Mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains. Plant Sci 166:1389–1415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chester KS (1950) Nature and prevention of plant diseases. McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 525 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Chester GW, Schafer JF (1957) Biology and control of smut fungi. The Ronald, New York, 622 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Conners IL (1954) The organism causing dwarf bunt of wheat. Can J Bot 32:426–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook RJ (1981a) Fusarium diseases of wheat and other small grains in North America (pp 39–52). In: Nelson PE et al (eds) Fusarium: diseases, biology and taxonomy. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 457 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook RJ (1981b) Fusarium diseases in the Republic of China (pp 53–55). In: Nelson PE et al (eds) Fusarium: diseases, biology and taxonomy. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, p 457

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunfer BM, Yorinory T, Igarashi S (1993) Wheat blast (pp 125–128). In: Mathur SB, Cunfer BM (eds) Seed-borne diseases and seed health testing of wheat. Danish Govt. Inst. of Seed Path. for Developing Countries, Copenhagen, Denmark, 168 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Darlington LC, Mathre DE (1976) Resistance of male sterile wheat to ergot as related to pollination and host genotype. Crop Sci 16:728–730

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wolf ED, Madden LV, Lipps PE (2003) Risk assessment models for Fusarium head blight epidemic on within-season weather data. Phytopathology 93:429–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Desjardins AE (2006) Fusarium mycotoxins: chemistry, genetics, and biology. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal HS, Singh DV (1988) Up-to-date life cycle of Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur. Curr Sci 57:675–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Dos Anjos JRN, Da Silva DB, Charchar MJD, Rodrigues GC (1996) Ocorrência de brusone (Pyricularia grisea) em trigo e centeio na região dos cerrados do Brasil Central. Pesq Agro Bras 31:79–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumalasová V, Bartos P (2010) Reaction of wheat, alternative wheat and triticale cultivars to common bunt. Czech J Genet Plant Breed 46:14–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Duran R, Cromarty R (1977) Tilletia indica: a heterothallic wheat bunt fungus with multiple alleles controlling incompatability. Phytopathology 67:812–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Duran R, Fischer GW (1961) The genus Tilletia. Washington State University press, Pullman, 138 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutt S, Pandey D, Kumar A (2011) Jasmonate signal induced expression of cystain genes for providing resistance against Karnal bunt in wheat. Plant Signal Behav 6:821–830

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • EMBRAPA (2011) Informações técnicas para a safra 2012: trigo e triticale. Sistemas de Produção 9. EMBRAPA, 204 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedak G, Cao W, Xue A, Savard M, Clarke J (2007) Enhancement of Fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat and durum by means of wide crosses (pp 91–95). In: Buck HT et al (eds) Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC (1997) As doenças das plantas e o sistema de plantio direto. Rev Annu Pathol Plant 5:317–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Nicolau M (2012) Forecasting Fusarium head blight of wheat: exploring a BAYESIAN approach (p 94). In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Pavan W (2002) A phenology based predictive model for Fusarium head blight of wheat. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Michigan State University, pp 154–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Picinnini EC (1999) Sistema de suporte a tomada de decisão para a otimização do uso de fungicidas em cultura de trigo. Fitopatologia Brasileira 24:9–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Cunha GR, Ponte EP, Pavan W, Pires JL, Baethgem W, Gimenez A, Magrin G, Travasso MI (2004) Modeling Fusarium head Blight in wheat under climate change using linked process-based models. In: Second international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Orlando, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Ponte ED, Pavan W, Cunha GR (2005) Web-based system to true forecast disease epidemics: I. Fusarium head blight of wheat. In: Seventh international wheat conference, 2007, Mar del Plata. Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Dordrecht, Germany, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Ponte ED, Pavan W, Cunha GR (2007) Web-based system to true forecast disease epidemics—case study for Fusarium Head Blight of wheat (pp 265–271). In: Mannava VK, Sivakumar JH (Org.) Climate prediction in agriculture: advances and challenges. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes JMC, Pavan W, Sanhueza RM (2011) SISALERT—a generic web-based plant disease forecasting system. International conference on information and communication technologies. In: Agriculture, food and environment, 5, Skiathos, proceedings, vol 1, HAICTA, Skiathos, pp 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez MR, Fernandes JMC, Sutton JC (1993) Effects of fallow and of summer and winter crops on survival of wheat pathogens in crop residues. Plant Dis 77:689–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer GW, Holton CS (1957) Biology and control of the smut fungi. Ronald, New York, 622 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Forcelini CA, Reis EM (1988) Controle de Helminthosporium sativum, Septoria nodorum, Fusarium graminearum e Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici pelo tratamento de sementes com fungicidas. Fitopatologia Brasileira 13:28–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franzman C, Schroder J, Munzing K, Wolf K, Lindhauer MG, Humpf HU (2011) Distribution of ergot alkaloids and ricinoleic acid in different milling fractions. Mycotoxin Res 27:13–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Galich MT (1989) Importancia e diffusion de la fusariosis del trigo en Argentina. Taller sobre la fusariosis de la espiga en America del sur. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 144 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaskin TA, Schafer JF (1962) Some histological and genetic relationships of resistance of wheat to loose smut. Phytopathology 52:602–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasperi AJ (1961) Moléstia do trigo no Rio Grande do Sul. Bull. Tec. Secretaria da agricultura, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 36 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Goates BJ (1988) Histology of infection of wheat by Tilletia indica, the Karnal bunt pathogen. Phytopathology 78:1434–1441

    Google Scholar 

  • Goates BJ (2005) Durability of secondary sporidia of floret infecting Tilletia species: implications for epidemiology. Phytopathology 95:961

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulart ACP, Paiva FA (1990) Transmissão de Pyricularia oryzae através de sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum). Fitopatologia Brasileira 15:359–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulart ACP, Paiva FA (1992) Wheat yield losses due to Pyricularia oryzae in the 1988–91 periods in Mato Grosso do Sul (Abstr.). Fitopatologia Brasileira 17:171

    Google Scholar 

  • Grey WE, Mathre DE, Hoffmann JA, Powelson RL, Fernandez JA (1986) Importance of seed-borne Tillatia controversa for infection of winter wheat and its relationship to international commerce. Plant Dis 70:122–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo-Liang Wang, Micheli TK, Pierce AP (2012) Rice blast and wheat blast. Report of the Dept of Plant Pathology, Ohio State Univ Extension, OH

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Goel A, Seneviratne JM, Joshi GK, Kumar A (2011) Molecular cloning of MAP Kinase Genes and in silico identification of their downstream transcription factors involved in pathogenesis of Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat. J Proteomics Bioinform 4:160–169. doi:10.4172//jpb.1000185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harbert TT (1971) The perfect stage of Pyricularia grisea. Phytopathology 61:83–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Heald FD, Holton CS (1940) Flag smut of wheat found in Washington. Plant Dis Reptr 24:382

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann JA, Metzger RJ (1976) Current status of virulence genes and pathogenic races of wheat bunt fungi in the Northwestern USA. Phytopathology 66:657–660

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton CS, Heald FD (1941) Bunt or stinking smut of wheat. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, 211 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooker DC, Schaafsma AW, Tamburinc-Illincic L (2002) Using weather variables pre- and post-prediction deoxynivalenol content in winter wheat. Plant Dis 86:611–619

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado J, Toledo J (2005) Malezas hospederas de Piricularia, Pyricularia grisea. Invierno 2004. Informe CIAT

    Google Scholar 

  • Igarashi S, Utimada CM, Igarashi LC, Kazuma AE, Lopes RC (1986) Pyricularia sp. em trigo. I. Ocorrência de Pyricularia sp. no estado do Paraná. Fitopatologia Brasileira 11:351–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Ireta MJ, Gilchrist L (1994) Fusarium head scab of wheat. Wheat special report 21p. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson BJ (2010) Ergot. In: Buckus WW et al (eds) Compendium of wheat diseases and pests. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, pp 30–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JP, Collins FC (1971) Control of loose smut of wheat with carboxin and benomyl. Plant Dis Reptr 55:1053–1055

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones R, Mirocha CJ (1999) Quality parameters in small grains from Minnesota affected by Fusarium head blight. Plant Dis 83:506–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonston AG (1959) Further studies of physiologic races in Urocystis tritici. Phytopathology 49:299–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi LM, Singh DV, Srivastava KD, Wilcoxson RD (1983) Karnal bunt: a minor disease that is now a threat to wheat. Bot Rev 49:309–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato H, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi-Ozaki T, Kadouchi H, Iwamoto Y, Nakayashiki H (2000) Pathogenicity, mating type and DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism of Pyricularia populations isolated from Gramineae, bambusideae and zingiberaceae plant. J Gen Plant Pathol 66:30–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khonga EB, Sutton JC (1988) Inoculum production and survival of Gibberella zeae in maize and wheat residues. Can J Plant Pathol 10:232–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Khush GS (2005) What it will take to feed 5.0 billion rice consumers in 2010. Plant Mol Biol 59:1–6

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli MM (1989) Analise de la fusariosis del trigo en el Cono Sur. Taller sobre la fusariosis de la espiga en America del sur. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 144 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohli MM, Mehta YR, Guzman L, Viedma LD, Cubilla LE (2011) Pyricularia blast—a threat to wheat cultivation. Czech J Genet Plant Breed 47(Special Issue):S00–S04

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong L, Anderson JM, Ohm HW (2005) Induction of wheat defense and stress-related genes in response to Fusarium graminearum. Genome 48:29–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard KL, Bushnell WR (2003) Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. The American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota

    Google Scholar 

  • Limonard T (1966) A modified blotter test for seed health. Neth J Plant Pathol 72:319–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Line RF (1972) Chemical control of flag smut of wheat. Plant Dis Reptr 56:636–640

    Google Scholar 

  • Line RF (1993) Flag smut (Ustilago tritici). In: Mathur SB, Cunfer BM (eds) Seed-borne diseases and seed health testing of wheat. Danish Govt. Inst. Seed Path. for Developing Countries, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 53–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu W, Chen F (2012) Research progress of wheat scab in China (p 5). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Luzzardi GC, Pierobom CR, Osorio EA (1984) Wheat breeding for scab resistance. Wheat for more tropical environments. In: Proceedings of the international symposium, CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 24–28 September, p 354

    Google Scholar 

  • Marangoni MS, Nunes MP, Fonseca N Jr, Mehta YR (2013) Pyricularia blast on white oats: a new threat to wheat cultivation. Trop Plant Pathol 38:198–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Matanguihan JB, Murphy KM (2011) Control of common bunt in organic wheat. Plant Dis 96:361–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur SB, Cunfer BM (eds) (1993) Seed-borne diseases and seed health testing of wheat. Danish Gov. Inst. Seed Path. for Developing Countries, Denmark, 168 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • McMullen M, Jones R, Gallenberg D (1997) SCAB of wheat and barley: a re-emerging disease of devastating impact. Plant Dis 81:1340–1348

    Google Scholar 

  • Medeiros MC (1976) Occurrence of physiological races of loose smut of wheat, Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr, Brazil, Sources of resistance and inheritance of resistance to race T2 in the intervarietal cross Kenya 340Y.4A.1 x IAS 52. Thesis of MS, Dept. Plant Sci., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 46 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta YR (1993) Manejo integrado de enfermedades de trigo. Imprenta Landivar, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, 319 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta YR, Baier A (1998) Variação patogênica entre isolados de Magnaporthe grisea atacando triticale e trigo no estado do Paraná. Summa Phytopathologica 24:119–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta YR, Riede CR, Campos LAC, Kohli MM (1992) Integrated management of major wheat diseases in Brazil: an example for the Southern Cone Region of Latin America. Crop Prot 11:517–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta YR, Arias CAA, Toledo JF (2001) Inheritance of resistance to Magnaporthe grisea in wheat. Summa Phytopathologica 2:300–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta YR, Nunes MP, Oliveira JC (2006) Ocorrência de brusone em aveia no Estado do Paraná. Resultados Experimentais. XXVI Reunião da Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Aveia, 4-6 de abril, FAPA, Guarapuava, Paraná, pp 55–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Mergoum M, Frohberg R, Stack R, Olson T, Simsek S, Alamri M, Zaong S (2012) Three decades of breeding wheat for Fusarium head blight resistance: successes and challenges (p 23). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzger RJ, Hoffmann JA (1978) New races of common bunt useful to determine resistance of wheat to dwarf bunt. Crop Sci 18:49–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles EA, Parsons CE (1994) Evaluation of foliar fungicides for controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat. Plant Dis 78:697–699

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra M (1931) A new bunt of wheat in India. Ann Appl Biol 18:178–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Moschini RC, Fortugno C (1996) Predicting wheat head blight incidence using models based on meteorological factors in Pergamino. Argent Eur J Plant Pathol 102:211–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Muhovski Y (2012) Molecular and genetic characterization of Fusarium head blight resistance in winter wheat. Thesis Univ. Cath. Louvan, Faculte dês Sciences, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray GM, Brennan JP (1998) The risk of Australia from Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Aust Plant Pathol 27:212–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Neergaard P (1979) Seed pathology, vol I & II. The Macmillan Press Ltd., London and Basingstoke, 1191 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson P, Gosman N, Drager R, Thomsett M, Chandler E, Steed A (2007) The Fusarium head Blight pathosystem—status and knowledge of its components. In: Buck HT et al (eds) Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 23–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunes CDM, Brancão N, Rodrigues RC, Reis JC (2002) Blast occurrence on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different sites from RS, Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 27:231

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnel KK, Kistler HC, Tacke BK, Casper HH (1999) Gene genealogies reveal global phylogenographic structures and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum the fungus causing wheat scab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:7905–7910

    Google Scholar 

  • Parry DW, Jenkinson P, McLeod L (1995) Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals—a review. Plant Pathol 44:207–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul PA, McMullen MP, Hershman DF, Madden LV (2010) Meta-analysis of the effects of triazole-based fungicides on wheat yield and test weight as influenced by Fusarium head blight intensity. Phytopathology 100:160–171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulitz TC (1996) Diurnal release of ascospores by Gibberella zeae in inoculated wheat plots. Plant Dis 80:674–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Peach JM, Lowless AR (1975) A comparison of two methods of inoculating Triticum aestivum with spore suspensions of Cleviceps purpurea. Trans Br Mycol Soc 64:328–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Peña RJ (2007) Current and future trends of wheat quality needs. In: Buck HT et al (eds) Wheat production in stressed environments. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 411–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccinini EC, Fernandes JMC (1990) Ocorrência da brusone (Pyricularia oryzae) em lavouras comerciais de trigo (Triticum aestivum) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fitopatologia Brasilera 15:83–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Platford RG, Bernier CC (1970) Resistance to Claviceps purpurea in spring durum wheat. Nature 222:770

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu AS, Fillippi MCC (2006) Brusone em arroz: controle genético, progresso e perspectives. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santa Antonio de Goiás, GO, 388 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu AS, Fillippi MCC, Castro N (1992) Pathogenic variation among isolates of Pyricularia grisea infecting rice, wheat and grasses in Brazil. Trop Pest Manag 38:367–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt K (2012) UK researches find important new disease. NEWS. Univ Kentucky, USA (Cyclostyle), 3 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Purdy LH (1965) Flag smut of wheat. Bot Rev 31:565–606

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purdy LH, Holton CS (1963) Flag smut of wheat, its distribution and coexistence with stripe rust in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Dis Reptr 47:516–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Purwar S, Gupta SM, Kumar A (2012) Enzymes of Phenylpropanoid metabolism involved in strengthening the structural barrier for providing genotype and stage dependent resistance to Karnal bunt in wheat. Am J Plant Sci 3:261–267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ralph D, Jan AL, Zacharias A, Pretorius KE, Hammond-Kosack, Pierto AD, Pierto DS, Rudd JJ, Dickman M, Kahmann R, Ellis J, Fodter GD (2012a) The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 1111:1364–1307

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralph D, Jan AL, Van Kan, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosak KA, Pietro A, Pietro DS, Rudd JJ, Marty D, Regine K, Ellis J, Foster GD (2012b) The top ten fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol pp 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Ransom J (2012) Relative importance of genetic resistance, fungicides and their interaction in the control of Fusarium head blight in wheat. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis EM (1985) Doenças do trigo. Fusariose Merk Sharp & Dohme Química, São Paulo, Brasil, 28 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis EM (1986) Caracterização de população de Fusarium graminearum ocorrente no Sul do Brasil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 11:527–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis EM (1989) Biologia e epidemiologia de Gibberella zeae em trigo. Taller sobre la fusariosis de la espiga en América del Sur. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 144 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Rennie WJ, Richardson MJ, Noble M (1983) Seed-borne pathogens and the production of quality cereal seed in Scotland. Seed Sci Tech 11:1115–1127

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossman AY, Howard RJ, Valent B (1990) Pyricularia grisea the correct name of the rice blast disease fungus. Mycologia 82:509–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubiales D, Moral A (2010) Resistance of Hordeum chilense against loose smuts of wheat and barley (Ustilago tritici and U. nuda) and its expression in amphiploids with wheat. doi:10.1111/j:1439-0523

  • Saharan MS, Sharma AK, Panwar V, Sharma I (2012) Fusarium head blight of wheat in India—variability and resistance sources (p 11). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder HW, Christensen JJ (1963) Factors affecting resistance of wheat to scab caused by Gibberella zeae. Phytopathology 53:831–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott AJ, Knott M (1974) Cluster analysis method for grouping means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics 30:507–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma HC, Ohm H, Goulart L, Lister R, Apples R, Benlhabib O (1995) Introgression and characterization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium into wheat. Genome 38:406–413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma BK, Satyavir Beniwal MS, Yadava RK (2005) Pathogenic variability and differential response of Urocystis agropyri collections on Triticum sp. Environ Ecol 23:276–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla DN, Singh N, Bhargara SN (1982) Wheat varieties affected by Karnal bunt. Biol Abstr 75:6190

    Google Scholar 

  • Simspson DR, Thomsett MA, Nicholson P (2004) Competitive interactions between Microdochim nivale var. majus, M. nivale var. nivale and Fusarium culmorum in planta and in vitro. Environ Microbiol 6:79–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DV (2005) Karnal bunt of wheat: a global perspective. Indian Phytopathol 58:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DV, Dhaliwal HS (1989) Screening of wheat germplasm for components of resistance to Karnal bunt disease. Indian Phytopathol 42:393–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Snijders CHA (1990) Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin contamination of wheat, a review. Neth J Plant Pathol 96:187–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stak RW, Mullen MP (1985) Head blight potential of Fusarium species associated with spring wheat head. Can J Plant Pathol 7:79–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton JC (1982) Epidemiology of wheat head blight and maize ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum. Can J Plant Pathol 4:195–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Telles Neto FXB, Reis EM, Casa RT (2007) Viabilidade de Fusarium graminearum em sementes de trigo durante o armazenamento. Summa Phytopathologica 33:414–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Thirumalaisamy PP, Singh DV, Gupta RARG, Singh PK (2011) Development of specific primers for detection of Karnal bunt pathogen of wheat. Indian Phytopathol 64(2):164–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torres E (1989) Assessing the importance of fusarium head blight in wheat. Taller sobre la fusariosis de la espiga en America del sur. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 144 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosa Y (1989) Evidence of wheat for gene-for-gene relationship between formae specialis of Erysiphe graminis and genera of gramineous plants. Genome 32:918–924

    Google Scholar 

  • Toussoun TA, Nelson PE (1975) Variation and specialization in the Fusaria. Annu Rev Phytopathol 13:71–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevathan LF (1982) Pathogenicity on ryegrass and cultural viability of Mississippi isolates of Pyricularia grisea. Plant Dis 66:592–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Trione EJ (1982) Dwarf bunt of wheat and its importance in international wheat trade. Plant Dis 66:1083–1088

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler LJ (1965) Failure of loose smut to build up in winter wheats exposed to abundant inoculum naturally disseminated. Plant Dis Reptr 49:239–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Urashima AS, Kato H (1994) Varietal resistance and chemical control of wheat blast fungus. Summa Phytopathologica 20:107–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urashima AS, Igarashi S, Kato H (1993) Host range, mating type and fertility of Pyricularia grisea from wheat in Brazil. Plant Dis 12:11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Urashima AS, Lavorent NA, Goulart CP, Mehta YR (2004a) Resistance spectra of wheat cultivars and virulence diversity of Magnaporthe grisea isolates in Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 29:511–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Urashima AS, Martins D, Bueno CRNC, Favaro DB, Arruda MA, Mehta YR (2004b) Triticale and barley: new hosts of Magnaporthe grisea in São Paulo, Brazil – Relationship with blast of rice and wheat. In: Kawasaki S (ed) Rice blast. Springer, Germany, pp 251–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Valent B, Chumley FG (1991) Molecular genetic analysis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Annu Rev Phytopathol 29:443–467

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ginkel M, Van der Schaar W, Zuhuping Y, Rajaram S (1996) Inheritance of resistance to scab in two wheat cultivars from Brazil and China. Plant Dis 80:863–867

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen JA, Pierna F, van Egmond DP, Baeten V (2011) Online detection and quantification of ergot bodies in cereals using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. Food Addit Contam 29(2):232–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Viedma L (1989) Importancia y distribución de la fusariosis del trigo en el America del Sur. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, 144 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Viedma LQ, Morel W (2002) Añublo o Piricularia del Trigo. Díptico. MAG/DIA/CRIA, Programa de Investigación de Trigo, CRIA, Capitán Miranda, Itapúa

    Google Scholar 

  • Warham EJ (1986) Karnal bunt disease of wheat: a literature review. Trop Pest Manag 32:229–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegulo SN, Carlson MP (2011) Ergot of small grain cereals and grasses and its health effects on humans and livestock. The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. UNL Extension Circular, Nebraska, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Western JH (ed) (1971) Diseases of crop plants. MacMillan, London and Basingtoke, 404 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcoxson RD, Saari EE (1996) Bunt and smut diseases of wheat—concepts and methods of disease management. CIMMYT, Mexico, 66 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaegashi H, Udagawa S (1988) The taxonomical identity of the perfect state of Pyricularia grisea and its allies. Can J Bot 56:180–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Lu W (2012) Creating new germplasm for resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in common wheat (p 18). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Yli-Mattila T, Gagkaeva T (2012) New emerging trichothecene-producing Fusarium species in Northern Europe and Asia (p 68). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadoks JC (1972) Methodology of epidemiological research. Annu Rev Phytopathol 10:253–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Zang Z, Lange L, Mathur SB (1984) Teliospore survival and plant quarantine significance of Tilletia indica (causal agent of Karnal bunt) particularly in relation to China. EPPO Bull 14:119–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Xu, Zhou YJ, Ma Z, Yu D, Ma H (2012) Fusarium population structure and chemotype diversity from eight Chinese wheat production regions (p 19). In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Fusarium head blight, Nanjing, China, 23–26 August

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

    Yeshwant Ramchandra Mehta

Authors
  1. Yeshwant Ramchandra Mehta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mehta, Y.R. (2014). Spike Diseases Caused by Fungi. In: Wheat Diseases and Their Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06465-9_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation