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The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa pp 49–63Cite as

Combined Uses of Supervised Classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques to Monitor Land Degradation in the Saloum Saline Estuary System

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Part of the book series: Estuaries of the World ((EOTW))

Abstract

Saltwater contamination constitutes a serious problem in Saloum estuary, due to the intermittent and reverse tide flows of the Saloum River. This phenomenon is caused by the runoff deficit, which forces the advance of saltwater 60 km upstream, contaminating surface water and thus causing the degradation of biodiversity and large areas of agricultural soils in this region. The present study aims to evaluate the consequences of saltwater contamination in the last three decades in this estuary by assessing the land-cover dynamics. Thus, latter consists of tracking the landscape-changing process over time to identify land-cover transitions. These transitions are closely related to the ecosystem-setting condition and can be used to assess the combined impacts of both natural and human-induced phenomena over a given period of time. In this study, special attention was given to mangrove degradation and to temporal progression of the salty barren soils locally called “tan”. The loss of mangrove areas to tan and the general increase in salty barren soil areas can reflect the increase in the level of salinization in the study area over the time period under consideration. To fulfill this objective, four Landsat satellite images from the same season in the years 1984, 1992, 1999, and 2010 were used to infer time series land-use and land-cover maps of the Saloum estuary area. In addition to satellite imagery, rainfall records were used to evaluate climatic variation in terms of high-to-low precipitation during the time span considered. Spectral analysis indicated that from 1984 to 2010, mangroves and savanna/rain-fed agriculture are converted to “tan” (denuded and salty soils). In addition, these results showed that significant changes in land use/land cover occur within the whole estuary system and reflecting therefore environmental degradation, such as land desertification and salinization, and vegetation degradation which reflect the advanced of salinity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank ESA for providing us with Landsat imagery, TIGER capacity building, and IGP (Portuguese Geographic Institute) for giving us training job to enhance our knowledge in remote sensing and GIS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University Cheikh Anta Diop, P.O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal

    Ndeye Maguette Dieng & Serigne Faye

  2. Higher Institute of Statistics and Information Management, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joel Dinis & Mário Caetano

  3. Remote Sensing Unit of the Portuguese Geographic Institute, Lisbon, Portugal

    Marçia Gonçalves

Authors
  1. Ndeye Maguette Dieng
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  2. Joel Dinis
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  3. Serigne Faye
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  4. Marçia Gonçalves
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  5. Mário Caetano
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ndeye Maguette Dieng .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

    Salif Diop

  2. University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France

    Jean-Paul Barusseau

  3. University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France

    Cyr Descamps

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Dieng, N.M., Dinis, J., Faye, S., Gonçalves, M., Caetano, M. (2014). Combined Uses of Supervised Classification and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Techniques to Monitor Land Degradation in the Saloum Saline Estuary System. In: Diop, S., Barusseau, JP., Descamps, C. (eds) The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa. Estuaries of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06388-1_5

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