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Application of Advanced Remote Sensing Techniques to Improve Modeling Estuary Water Quality

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Remote Sensing and Modeling

Part of the book series: Coastal Research Library ((COASTALRL,volume 9))

Abstract

Estuaries, the interface between terrestrial and coastal waters are an important component of complex and dynamic coastal watersheds. They are usually characterized by abrupt chemical gradients and complex dynamics, which can result in major transformations in the amount, chemical nature and timing of the flux of material along these river–sea transition zones. The ecological functioning of these areas is considered to be of major concern, as estuaries offer the last opportunity to manage water quality problems before they become uncontrollable in the coastal waters.

Numerical models can provide hydrodynamically computed water quality data to study estuary water quality, but they have problems with initializations, boundary conditions, calibration, and validation. Another way is to use remote sensing technology, but they provide only surface observations and there are challenges related to cloud coverage, ground truthing, and variable spatial and temporal resolution.

Although both methods have weaknesses when used together, they can become a powerful tool to study water quality in estuary. This has been demonstrated through recent application of this capability to study water quality problem in Lake Pontchartrain. This study evaluated the use of Landsat 5 TM multispectral imagery to generate spatially distributed water quality data for use in CCHE2D Water Quality model to improve its performance in this estuary to simulate sediment transport, predict algal bloom and monitor salinity after the Bonnet Carré Spillway opening event in 1997. The outcome of this research clearly indicates that the application of remote sensing techniques for estuarine water quality study can be advanced by integrating them with numerical water quality models.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the United States Department of Homeland Security and was sponsored by the Southeast Region Research Initiative (SERRI) at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Thanks are due to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for giving the opportunity to obtain all the satellite imagery used in this research at free of charge.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE), The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA

    A. K. M. Azad Hossain, Yafei Jia, Xiaobo Chao & Mustafa Altinakar

Authors
  1. A. K. M. Azad Hossain
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  2. Yafei Jia
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  3. Xiaobo Chao
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  4. Mustafa Altinakar
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Correspondence to A. K. M. Azad Hossain .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA

    Charles W. Finkl

  2. Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Coconut Creek, Florida, USA

    Christopher Makowski

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Hossain, A.K.M.A., Jia, Y., Chao, X., Altinakar, M. (2014). Application of Advanced Remote Sensing Techniques to Improve Modeling Estuary Water Quality. In: Finkl, C., Makowski, C. (eds) Remote Sensing and Modeling. Coastal Research Library, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06326-3_12

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