Skip to main content

Bridging a Pharma-Like Innovation Gap in Medical Nutrition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pharma-Nutrition

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 12))

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the current and possible future development scenarios for the medical nutrition industry. It starts off by exploring the definitions and characteristics of the pharmanutrition industries in the European health and life science sector. By taking conventional foods at one end of the spectrum, and pharmaceutical products at the other, the pharmanutrition industry can be split further into two categories falling within this spectrum: functional foods and medical nutrition. Section two exemplifies the developmental trends of the medical nutrition industry. Various industry life cycle scenarios are defined in order to forecast the direction in which this pharmanutrition industry could mature. Concepts such as the innovation cliff and jumping the S-curve are described, and strategies to overcome common bottlenecks are proposed. The last section describes patenting behaviour in the medical nutrition industry, offering a patent decision framework for intellectual property protection strategies. The chapter rounds off with a general discussion as to the successful future development of the medical nutrition industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Asthana P (1995) Jumping the technology S-curve. Spectrum IEEE 32(6):49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Beal GM, Bohlen JM (1956) The diffusion process. Increasing understanding of public problems and policies

    Google Scholar 

  3. Biesalski HK, Aggett PJ, Anton R, Bernstein PS, Blumberg J, Heaney RP, Henry J, Nolan JM, Richardson DP, van Ommen B (2011) 26th Hohenheim consensus conference, september 11, 2010 scientific substantiation of health claims: evidence-based nutrition. Nutrition 27(10):S1–S20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Blind K, Edler J, Frietsch R, Schmoch U (2006) Motives to patent: empirical evidence from Germany. Res Pol 35(5):655–672. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.03.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Brännback M, de Heer AJ, Wicklund P (2002) The convergence of the pharmaceutical and the food industry through functional food: strategic change and business opportunity or an illusion? Pharmaceut Pol Law 5:63–78

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bröring S, Martin Cloutier L, Leker J (2006) The front end of innovation in an era of industry convergence: evidence from nutraceuticals and functional foods. R&D Manag 36(5):487–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Commission Directive 1999/21/EC of 25 March 1999 on dietary foods for special medical purposes (1999) 1999/21/EC

    Google Scholar 

  8. Commission E (2000) White paper on food safety. Office for official publications of the European communities

    Google Scholar 

  9. Council Directive 65/65/EEC of 26 January 1965 on the approximation of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action relating to medicinal products (1965) http://www.echamp.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Regulation/Directive_65-65-EEC__-__Consolidated_Version.pdf. Accessed 1 Aug 2013

  10. Curran CS, Leker J (2011) Patent indicators for monitoring convergence-examples from NFF and ICT. Technol Forecast Soc Change 78(2):256–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Danzon PM, Nicholson S, Pereira NS (2005) Productivity in pharmaceutical-biotechnology R&D: the role of experience and alliances. J Health Econ 24(2):317–339

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Diplock A, Aggett P, Ashwell M, Bornet F, Fern E, Roberfroid M (1999) The European comission concerted action on functional foods science in Europe (FUFOSE). Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe. Consensus document. Br J Nutr 81:S1–S27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Domínguez B, Ganuza J, Llobet G (2005) R&D in the pharmaceutical industry: a world of small innovations. Available at SSRN 1001884

    Google Scholar 

  14. Drucker PF (2006) Innovation and entrepreneurship. HarperBusiness

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dushnitsky G, Lenox MJ (2005) When do incumbents learn from entrepreneurial ventures?: Corporate venture capital and investing firm innovation rates. Res Pol 34(5):615–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. EFSA: European Food Safety Authority (2013) http://www.efsa.europa.eu/. Accessed 2 Dec 2013

  17. Elia M (2000) Detection and management of undernutrition in the community. A report by The Malnutrition Advisory Group (A standing committee of The British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) Maidenhead

    Google Scholar 

  18. Enriquez J, Goldberg RA (2000) Transforming life, transforming business: the life-science revolution. Harvard Business Rev 78(2):94–106

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ernst H (1997) The use of patent data for technological forecasting: the diffusion of CNC-technology in the machine tool industry. Small Bus Econ 9(4):361–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Eussen SRBM, Verhagen H, Klungel OH, Garssen J, van Loveren H, van Kranen HJ, Rompelberg CJM (2011) Functional foods and dietary supplements: products at the interface between pharma and nutrition. Eur J Pharmacol 668:S2–S9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Food (2013) Encyclopedia Britannica

    Google Scholar 

  22. Foster RN (1986) Innovation: the attacker’s advantage. Summit Books, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Georgiou NA, Garssen J, Witkamp RF (2011) Pharma-nutrition interface: the gap is narrowing. Eur J Pharmacol 651(1–3):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gollin M (2008) Driving innovation; intellectual property strategies for a dynamic world. Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  25. van Gossum A (2001) Survey on legislation and funding of home artificial nutrition in different European countries. Clin Nutr 20(2):117–123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Guidelines for use of nutrition and health claims (2009) http://std.gdciq.gov.cn/gssw/JiShuFaGui/CAC/CXG_023e.pdf. Accessed 3 Jan 2013

  27. Harrison C (2011) Patent watch: the patent cliff steepens. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10(1):12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jonas D, Antignac E, Antoine J, Classen H, Huggett A, Knudsen I, Mahler J, Ockhuizen T, Smith M, Teuber M (1996) The safety assessment of novel foods. Guidelines prepared by ILSI Europe Novel Food Task Force. Food Chem Toxicol 34(10):931

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jones GK, Lanctot A, Teegen HJ (2001) Determinants and performance impacts of external technology acquisition. J Business Venturing 16(3):255–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Khan RS, Grigor J, Winger R, Win A (2012) Functional food product development-opportunities and challenges for food manufacturers. Trends Food Sci Technol

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kola I, Landis J (2004) Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nat Rev Drug Discov 3(8):711–716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Leifer R, O'Connor GC, Rice M (2001) Implementing radical innovation in mature firms: the role of hubs. Acad Manag Exec 15(3):102–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Levin RC, Cohen WM, Mowery DC (1985) R & D appropriability, opportunity, and market structure: new evidence on some Schumpeterian hypotheses. Am Econ Rev 75(2):20–24

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lochs H, Allison S, Meier R, Pirlich M, Kondrup J, Schneider S, Van den Berghe G, Pichard C (2006) Introductory to the ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: terminology, definitions and general topics. Clin Nutr 25(2):180–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lochs H, Pichard C, Allison S (2006) Evidence supports nutritional support. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland) 25(2):177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Lou K, de Rond M (2006) The ‘not invented here’ myth. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5(6):451–452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Mansfield E (1961) Technical change and the rate of imitation. Econometrica 29:741–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. McNamee LM, Ledley FD (2012) Patterns of technological innovation in biotech. Nat Biotechnol 30(10):937–943

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Menrad K (2003) Market and marketing of functional food in Europe. J Food Eng 56(2):181–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Metcalfe JS, James A, Mina A (2005) Emergent innovation systems and the delivery of clinical services: the case of intra-ocular lenses. Res Pol 34(9):1283–1304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Mittra J (2007) Life science innovation and the restructuring of the pharmaceutical industry: merger, acquisition and strategic alliance behaviour of large firms. Technol Anal Strat Manag 19(3):279–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Mokyr J (1990) Punctuated equilibria and technological progress. Am Econ Rev 80(2):350–354

    Google Scholar 

  43. Moore GA (1991) Crossing the chasm: marketing and selling high-tech products to mainstream consumers. HarperCollins

    Google Scholar 

  44. Munos B (2009) Lessons from 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 8(12):959–968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Nooteboom B (1993) De hypothese van de betwistbare markt (Reactie). Tilburg University

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nunes P, Breene T (2011) Jumping the S-curve: how to beat the growth cycle, get on top, and stay there. Harvard Business Press

    Google Scholar 

  47. O'Connor GC, DeMartino R (2006) Organizing for radical innovation: an exploratory study of the structural aspects of RI management systems in large established firms. J Prod Innovat Manag 23(6):475–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Pahne N (2009) Enteral nutrition reimbursement—the rationale for the policy: the German perspective

    Google Scholar 

  49. Pammolli F, Magazzini L, Riccaboni M (2011) The productivity crisis in pharmaceutical R&D. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10(6):428–438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Patel A, Smith C, Knowles T, Lin Y-L (2012) Nutrition and health claims: an enforcement perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 28(1):15–22, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.06.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Patel D, Dufour Y, Domigan N (2008) Functional food and nutraceutical registration processes in Japan and China: a diffusion of innovation perspective. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 11(4):1–11

    Google Scholar 

  52. Phillips GM, Zhdanov A (2013) R&D and the incentives from merger and acquisition activity. Rev Financ Stud 26(1):34–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Porter M (1980) Competitive strategy: techniques for analysing industries and competitors. The Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  54. Porter ME (1996) What is strategy? Published November

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pronker E, Weenen T, Commandeur H, Osterhaus A, Claassen H (2011) The gold industry standard for risk and cost of drug and vaccine development revisited. Vaccine 29(35):5846–5849

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ring R (2004) Patents: the latest marketing tool. Intellect Asset Manag 7–10

    Google Scholar 

  57. Schmidl MK (1993) Food products for medical purposes. Trends Food Sci Technol 4(6):163–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Schoenmakers W, Duysters G (2010) The technological origins of radical inventions. Res Pol 39(8):1051–1059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Siedlok F, Smart P, Gupta A (2010) Convergence and reorientation via open innovation: the emergence of nutraceuticals. Technol Anal Strat Manag 22(5):571–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Siró I, Kápolna E, Kápolna B, Lugasi A (2008) Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptance—a review. Appetite 51(3):456–467, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.05.060

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Sloan AE (2000) The top ten functional food trends. Food Technol 54(4):33–62

    Google Scholar 

  62. Sloan AE (2002) The top 10 functional food trends: the next generation. Food Technol 56(4):32–57

    Google Scholar 

  63. Starling S (2012) Pharma seeks bigger dose of booming nutra sector. Nutraingredients

    Google Scholar 

  64. Stratton RJ, Elia M (2007) A review of reviews: a new look at the evidence for oral nutritional supplements in clinical practice. Clin Nutr Suppl 2(1):5–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Teece DJ (1986) Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Res Pol 15(6):285–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Utterback JM, Abernathy WJ (1978) Patterns of industrial innovation. Technol Rev 80(7):40–47

    Google Scholar 

  67. Verhagen H, Vos E, Francl S, Heinonen M, van Loveren H (2010) Status of nutrition and health claims in Europe. Arch Biochem Biophys 501(1):6–15, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.04.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Weenen T, Jentink A, Pronker E, Commandeur H, Claassen E (2013a) A decision model to evaluate intellectual property strategies in the medical nutrition market. PharmaNutrition

    Google Scholar 

  69. Weenen TC, Pronker ES, Commandeur HR, Claassen E (2013) Patenting in the European medical nutrition industry: trends, opportunities and strategies. PharmaNutrition 1(1):13–21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2012.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Weenen TC, Pronker ES, Commandeur HR, Claassen EHJM (2013) Barriers to innovation in the medical nutrition industry: A quantitative key opinion leader analysis. PharmaNutrition 1(3):79–85

    Google Scholar 

  71. Weinstein RS, Descour MR, Liang C, Bhattacharyya AK, Graham AR, Davis JR, Scott KM, Richter L, Krupinski EA, Szymus J (2001) Telepathology overview: from concept to implementation. Hum Pathol 32(12):1283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Wijnberg NM (2011) Classification systems and selection systems: the risks of radical innovation and category spanning. Scand J Manag 27(3):297–306, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2011.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tamar C. Weenen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix A: Pharmaceutical M & A

Appendix A: Pharmaceutical M & A

figure a

Pharmaceutical M & A from 1990 to 2013. Blue: industry incumbent; Dark blue: Large-scale M7A (above $10 billion); Grey: Medium M & A between $1 and $10 billion

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weenen, T.C., Fernald, K., Pronker, E.S., Commandeur, H., Claassen, E. (2014). Bridging a Pharma-Like Innovation Gap in Medical Nutrition. In: Folkerts, G., Garssen, J. (eds) Pharma-Nutrition. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics