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Nutrition and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons: Bridging the Gap Between Epidemiology and Intervention Studies

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Pharma-Nutrition

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 12))

Abstract

Epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of several classes of nutrients including long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, B vitamins, and vitamin D against brain aging. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCT) with dietary supplements have failed to show any impact on cognitive decline in older persons. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the reasons for such inconsistent results in order to make recommendations for well-designed RCTs assessing the impact of nutrition for the prevention or treatment of cognitive decline. Major challenges of RCTs in this field include time and duration of a nutritional intervention, definition of relevant cognitive outcomes, designing an intervention with a nutritional supplement or dietary modifications, cognitive and dietary inclusion criteria, definition of an appropriate control arm, and potential interactions with genetic polymorphisms. Additional epidemiological studies are necessary to provide relevant data that will be used to implement more convincing RCTs.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ADAS-cog:

Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale—cognitive subscale

ADL:

Activities of daily living

ApoE4:

ε4 Allele of the apolipoprotein E gene

ARCD:

Age-related cognitive decline

Aβ:

β-Amyloid peptide

DASH:

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

LC n-3 PUFA:

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

MCI:

Mild cognitive impairment

MMSE:

Mini-mental state examination

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PET:

Positron emission tomography

RCT:

Randomized clinical trial

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France

    Pascale Barberger-Gateau, Cécilia Samieri & Catherine Feart

  2. Equipe « Epidémiologie de la nutrition et du comportement alimentaire », Centre de Recherche INSERM U897, University of Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076, Bordeaux, Cedex, France

    Pascale Barberger-Gateau

  3. INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France

    Pascale Barberger-Gateau, Cécilia Samieri & Catherine Feart

  4. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Stephen C. Cunnane

Authors
  1. Pascale Barberger-Gateau
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  2. Cécilia Samieri
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  3. Catherine Feart
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  4. Stephen C. Cunnane
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pascale Barberger-Gateau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

    Gert Folkerts

  2. Immunopharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

    Johan Garssen

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© 2014 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

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Barberger-Gateau, P., Samieri, C., Feart, C., Cunnane, S.C. (2014). Nutrition and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons: Bridging the Gap Between Epidemiology and Intervention Studies. In: Folkerts, G., Garssen, J. (eds) Pharma-Nutrition. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_20

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