Abstract
Experimental methods to develop static stress analysis models might appear as a superfluous option since numerical analysis has reached so high a level of refinement and accuracy to cover practically every kind of structural mechanics requirements. The field of Statics was the first to take advantage of numerical methods. Nevertheless, experiments continue to be fundamental for building simulation models. A few case studies with classic applications of experimental methods to pressure vessels—the old history of experimental mechanics—are followed by elementary cases of identification of unknown variables, with the purpose of showing the potential of the inverse approach. Models for the simulation of constitutive materials laws are shown for stress states under and beyond the elastic limit. The reciprocal influence of the stress state and the behavior of the material is discussed. A brief note on the classic elementary models of the physical theory of fracture is finally given.
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Notes
- 1.
The general equation of photoelasticity, Chap. 3, is:
$$\frac{\sigma _1-\sigma _2}{f_{\sigma }}=\frac{N_{ ord}}{d}.$$ - 2.
\(\sigma \) in place of \(\varepsilon \), and \(\tau _{ xy}\) in place of \(\gamma _{ xy}/2\).
- 3.
In photoelastic theory points of this kind are called singular isotropic points, see Chap. 3 with isochromatics order equal zero.
- 4.
Producers offer very small gages, suitable for these applications, with longitudinal grid dimensions equal to 0.008 in. \(=\) 0.2Â mm and resistance of \(60 \div 120\)Â \(\varOmega \).
- 5.
The equipment was developed for the Materials Development Center, Castel Romano (Rome) and there was implemented by a measurement system by a custom made strain gage load cell (Manufacturer: Giuliani-ForlĂ Italy).
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Freddi, A., Olmi, G., Cristofolini, L. (2015). Static Stress Models. In: Experimental Stress Analysis for Materials and Structures. Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06086-6_6
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