Skip to main content

Understanding Internet Use in Grassroots Campaigns: Internet and Social Movement Theory

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
User-Centric Technology Design for Nonprofit and Civic Engagements

Part of the book series: Public Administration and Information Technology ((PAIT,volume 9))

  • 880 Accesses

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to shed light on the use of the Internet in grassroots campaigns. Ideas from social movement theory are used as a theoretical framework. Three different cases, spanning a period of 8 years, are examined to find development patterns. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what impact technology used by grassroots movements has on modern politics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For information in English, see http://www.sv.uio.no/mutr/english/index.html.

References

  • Aftenposten. (2011, December 21). Lykkelig som lovlig norsk. Oslo, Norway: Aftenposten Morgen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beuchler, S. (2011). Understanding social movements: Theories from the classical era to the present. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevington, D., & Dixon, C. (2005). Movement-relevant theory: Rethinking social movement scholarship and activism. Social Movement Studies, 4(3), 185–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, W. K., & Hackett, R. A. (2006). Democratic media activism through the lens of social movement theory. Media, Culture & Society, 28(1), 83–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M. (2000). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. The British Journal of Sociology, 51(1), 5–24. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2000.00005.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 78–93. doi:10.1177/0002716207311877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M. (2013). Networks of outrage and hope. Social movements in the Internet age. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chester, G., & Welsh, I. (2011). Social movements: The key concepts. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flacks, R. (1994). The party’s over—So what is to be done? In E. Laraña, H. Johnston, & J. R. Gusfield (Eds.), New social movements: From ideology to identity (pp. 330–351). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flam, H., & King, D. (Eds.). (2005). Emotions and social movements. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, R. (2006). Protest in an information society: A review of literature on social movements and new ICTs. Information, Communication & Society, 9(2), 202–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrido, M., & Halavais, A. (2003). Mapping networks of support for the Zapatista movement: Applying social network analysis to study contemporary social movements. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 165–184). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaude, D. (2004) Fluid virtual politics. Case of SW Patents. Presentation made at European Commission workshop on e-Democracy, February 12th–13th 2004, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, T. (2008). Needles in a haystack: A new approach for identifying and assessing political talk in nonpolitical discussion forums. Javnost—The Public, 15(2), 17–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurak, L. J., & Logie, J. (2003). Internet protests, from text to web. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 25–46). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusfield, J. R. (1994). Reflexivity of social movements. In E. Laraña, H. Johnston, & J. R. Gusfield (Eds.), New social movements: From ideology to identity (pp. 58–78). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarlsberg (2005a). Nett-storm mot eiendomsskatt. Retrieved November 27, 2013, from http://www.jarlsbergavis.no/nyheter/article1446157.ece

  • Jarlsberg (2005b). Tok signalet fra befolkningen. Retrieved November 27, 2013, from http://www.jarlsbergavis.no/nyheter/article1452851.ece

  • Jarlsberg (2005c). SV bryter alliansen. Retrieved November 27, 2013, from http://www.jarlsbergavis.no/nyheter/article1456858.ece

  • Johnston, H., Laraña, E., & Gusfield, J. R. (1994). Identities, grievances, and new social movements. In E. Laraña, H. Johnston, & J. R. Gusfield (Eds.), New social movements: From ideology to identity (pp. 3–35). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, D. (2003). Indymedia.org: A new communications commons. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 47–70). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, D. (1996). Conceptual origins, current problems, future directions. In D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy, & M. N. Zald (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on social movements (pp. 23–40). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1996). Introduction: Opportunities, mobilizing structures, and framing processes—toward a synthetic, comparative perspective on social movements. In D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy, & M. N. Zald (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on social movements (pp. 1–20). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. D. (1996). Constraints and opportunities in adopting, adapting, and inventing. In D. McAdam, J. D. McCarthy, & M. N. Zald (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on social movements (pp. 141–151). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moyer, B. (2001). Doing democracy. Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU 2001:3. Velgere, valgordning, valgte. Norges Offentlige utredninger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Opp, K.-D. (2009). Theories of political protest and social movements. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Østerud, Ø., Engelstad, F., & Selle, P. (2003). Makten og demokratiet: En sluttbok fra Makt- og demokratiutredningen. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal akademisk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Polletta, F., Chen, P., Gardner, B., & Motes, A. (2013). Is the Internet creating new reasons to protest? In J. van Stekelenburg, C. Roggeband, & B. Klandermans (Eds.), The future of social movement research. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, B. (2009). Beyond the ‘Networked Public Sphere’: Politics, Participation and Technics in Web 2.0. Fibreculture (14). Available at: http://journal.fibreculture.org/issue14/issue14_roberts.html.

  • Sæbø, Ø., Rose, J., & Nyvang, T. (2009). The role of social networking services in eParticipation. In A. Macintosh, & E. Tambouris (Eds.), ePart ´09 Proceeedings of the 1st International Conference on Electronic Participation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • SSB Statistics Norway. (2011). Municipal and county council election, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2013, from http://ssb.no/en/valg/statistikker/kommvalg

  • Stein, L. (2009). Social movement web use in theory and practice: A content analysis of US movement websites. New Media & Society, 11(5), 749–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svendsen, G. T., & Svendsen, G. L. H. (2006). Social Kapital—En introduction. Copenhagen, Denmark: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (1986). The contentious French. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C., & Wood, L. (2012). Social movements 1768–2012. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vegh, S. (2003). Classifying forms of online activism: The case of cyberprotests against the world bank. In M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers (Eds.), Cyberactivism: Online activism in theory and practice (pp. 71–96). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zirakzadeh, C. E. (1997). Social movements in politics: A comparative study. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lasse Berntzen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berntzen, L., Rohde-Johannessen, M., Godbolt, J. (2014). Understanding Internet Use in Grassroots Campaigns: Internet and Social Movement Theory. In: Saeed, S. (eds) User-Centric Technology Design for Nonprofit and Civic Engagements. Public Administration and Information Technology, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05963-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics