Skip to main content

Religion and Negative Emotions in Muslims

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies

Abstract

This chapter is the first in a series of five chapters dealing with research on religiosity and health within Muslim populations, where we also compare the health of Muslims with the health of members of other religious group (Christians in particular). The topics parallel those presented in the last chapter for research in Christians. Chapter 7 begins by reviewing qualitative and quantitative studies on the role that Islamic beliefs and practices play in coping with stress and loss. We then systematically and exhaustively review studies on religious involvement and depression, suicide, physician-assisted suicide, anxiety, psychosis, alcohol use/abuse, and illicit drug use/abuse. These findings are summarized in tables so that the reader can quickly scan the results of our review. The findings will be eye-opening for many readers, both Muslim and Christian.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2002). Age and sex differences for anxiety in relation to family size, birth order, and religiosity among Kuwaiti adolescents. Psychological Reports, 90(3, Pt. 1), 1031–1036.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2003). Death anxiety in Spain and five Arab countries. Psychological Reports, 93, 527–528.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Tomas-Sabado, J. (2005). Anxiety and death anxiety in Egyptian and Spanish nursing students. Death Studies, 29, 157–169.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2007). Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(6), 571–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2007). Religiosity, health, and psychopathology in two cultures: Kuwait and USA. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(5), 537–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Naceur, F. (2007). Religiosity and its association with positive and negative emotions among college students from Algeria. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(2), 159–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Maltby, J. (2008). The comparison of predictors of death obsession within two cultures. Death Studies, 32(4), 366–377.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2009). Religiosity and death anxiety: no association in Kuwait. Psychological Reports, 104, 770–772.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2010). Constructions of religiosity, subjective well-being, anxiety, and depression in two cultures: Kuwait and USA. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 58(2), 138–145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2011). Religiosity, subjective well-being, self-esteem, and anxiety among Kuwaiti Muslim adolescents. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 14(2), 129–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Eid, G. K. (2011). Religiosity and its association with subjective well-being and depression among Kuwaiti and Palestinian Muslim children and adolescents. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 14(2), 117–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adelekan, M. L., Abiodun, O. A., Imouoklhome-Obayan, A. O., Oni, G. A., & Ogunremi, O. O. (1993). Psychosocial correlates of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Findings from a Nigerian university. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 33, 247–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., & Abiari, M. (2007). Coping Response Inventory: Assessing coping among Iranian college students and introductory development of an adapted Iranian Coping Response Inventory (CRI). Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 10(5), 489–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, A. M., & Kheir, M. M. (2006). Attitudes towards euthanasia among final-year Khartoum University medical students. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12(3/4), 391–397.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, H., & Naeen, S. (1984). First rank symptoms and diagnosis of schizophrenia in developing countries. Psychopathology, 17, 275–279.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aliverdinia, A., & Pridemore, W. A. (2007). A first glimpse at narcotics offenders in an Islamic republic: A test of an integrated model of drug involvement among a sample of men incarcerated for drug offenses in Iran. International Criminal Justice Review, 17, 27–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sabwah, M. N., & Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2006). Religiosity and death distress in Arabic college students. Death Studies, 30(4), 365–375.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amr, M., El-Mogy, A., & El-Masry, R. (2013). Adherence in Egyptian patients with schizophrenia: The role of insight, medication beliefs and spirituality. Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 24(1), 60–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atallah, S. F., Ar, E.-D., Coker, E. M., Nabil, K. M., & El-Islam, M. F. (2001). A 22-year retrospective analysis of the changing frequency and patterns of religious symptoms among inpatients with psychotic illness in Egypt. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 407–415.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Awas, M., Kebede, D., & Alem, A. (1999). Major mental disorders in Butajira, southern Ethiopia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 100, 56–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaiza, F., Ron, P., Shoham, M., & Gigini, I. (2010). Death and dying anxiety among elderly Arab Muslims in Israel. Death Studies, 34, 351–364.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azhar, M. Z., Varma, S. L., & Dharap, A. S. (1994). Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 1–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azhar, M. Z., & Varma, S. L. (1995a). Religious psychotherapy in depressive patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 63, 165–173.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azhar, M. Z., & Varma, S. L. (1995b). Religious psychotherapy as management of bereavement. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91, 233–235.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azhar, M. Z., Varma, S. L., & Hakim, H. R. (1995). Phenomenological differences of delusions between schizophrenic patients of two cultures of Malaysia. Singapore Medical Journal, 36, 273–275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Badr, L. K., Taha, A., Dee, V. (2013). Substance abuse in middle eastern adolescents living in two different countries: Spiritual, cultural, family and personal factors. Journal of Religion and Health [Epub ahead of print]. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10943-013-9694-1.

  • Barber, B. K. (2001). Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada. Journal of Community Psychology, 29(3), 259–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baroun, K. A. (2006). Relations among religiosity, health, happiness, and anxiety for Kuwaiti adolescents. Psychological Reports, 99(3), 717–722.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bataineh, Z. M., Hijazi, T. A., & Hijleh, M. F. (2006). Attitudes and reactions of Jordanian medical students to the dissecting room. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 28(4), 416–421.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beg, M. A., & Zilli, A. S. (1982). A study of the relationship of death anxiety and religious faith to age differentials. Psychologia, 25, 121–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradby, H., & Williams, R. (2006). Is religion or culture the key feature in changes in substance use after leaving school? Young Punjabis and a comparison group in Glasgow. Ethnicity & Health, 11(3), 307–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragazzi, N. L., & Del Puente, G. (2012). Panic attacks and possession by djinns: lessons from ethnopsychiatry. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 185–190.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burazeri, G., & Kark, J. D. (2010). Prevalence and determinants of binge drinking in middle age in transitional post-communist country: A population-based study in Tirana, Albania. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 45, 180–187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardozo, L. B., Bilukha, O. O., Gotway Crawford, C. A., Shaikh, I., Wolfe, M. I., Gerber, M. L., et al. (2004). Mental health, social functioning, and disability in postwar Afghanistan. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(5), 575–584.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaaya, M., Sibai, A., Fayad, R., & El-Roueiheb, Z. (2007). Religiosity and depression in older people: Evidence from underprivileged refugee and non-refugee communities in Lebanon. Aging & Mental Health, 11(1), 37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaturvedi, H., Phukan, R., & Mahanta, J. (2003). The association of selected sociodemographic factors and differences in patterns of substance use: A pilot study in selected areas of Northeast India. Substance Use & Misuse, 38(9), 1305–1322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, R., Schilling, G., Najjar, D., Geiser, F., Sharif, M., Liedtke, R., et al. (2007). Cross-cultural comparison of explanatory models of illness in schizophrenic patients in Jordan and Germany. Psychological Reports, 101(2), 531–546.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curlin, F. A., Nwodim, C., Vance, J. L., Chin, M. H., & Lantos, J. D. (2009). To die, to sleep: US physicians’ religious and other objections to physician-assisted suicide, terminal sedation, and withdrawal of life support. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 25, 112–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, G. M., Farhat, A., Al-Amor, M., Elbedour, S., Shelef, K., & Bar-Hamburger, R. (2008). Drug and alcohol use among the Bedouin of the Negev: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 143–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dube, K. C., Jain, S. C., Basu, A. K., & Kumar, N. (1975). Patterns of the drug habit (cannabis) in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Bulletin on Narcotics, 27(2), 1–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eapen, V., & Revesz, T. (2003). Psychosocial correlates of paediatric cancer in the United Arab Emirates. Supportive Care in Cancer, 11(3), 185–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, L., Wahab, E. A., & Ratnasingan, M. (2013). Religiosity and fear of death: A three-nation comparison. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 16(2), 179–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errihani, H., Mrabti, H., Boutayeb, S., El Ghissassi, I., El Mesbahi, O., Hammoudi, M., Chergui, H., & Riadi, A. (2008). Impact of cancer on Moslem patients in Morocco. Psychooncology, 17(1), 98–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eskin, M. (2004). The effects of religious versus secular education on suicide ideation and suicidal attitudes in adolescents in Turkey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(7), 536–542.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eskin, M., Ertekin, K., Dereboy, C., & Demirkiran, F. (2007). Risk factors for and protective factors against adolescent suicidal behavior in Turkey. Crisis, 28(3), 131–139.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farooqi, Y. N. (2006). Traditional healing practices sought by Muslim psychiatric patients in Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53(4), 401–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatoye, F. O. (2003). Psychosocial correlates of substance use amongst secondary school students in south western Nigeria. East African Medical Journal, 80(3), 154–158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Filazoglu, G., & Griva, K. (2008). Coping and social support and health related quality of life in women with breast cancer in Turkey. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 13(5), 559–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M., & Saroglou, V. (2010). Religiosity, psychological acculturation to the host culture, self-esteem and depressive symptoms among stigmatized and nonstigmatized religious immigrant groups in Western Europe. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32, 185–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gal, G., Goldberger, N., Kabaha, A., Haklai, Z., Gerasisy, N., Gross, R., & Levav, I. (2012). Suicidal behavior among Muslim Arabs in Israel. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47, 11–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gencoz, F., Vatan, S., Walker, R. L., & Lester, D. (2007). Hopelessness and suicidality in Turkish and American respondents. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 55(4), 311–319.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghandour, L. A., Karam, E. G., & Maalouf, W. E. (2009). Lifetime alcohol use, abuse and dependence among university students in Lebanon: Exploring the role of religiosity in different religious faiths. Addiction, 104, 940–948.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani, N., Watson, P., Ghramaleki, F. A., Morris, R. J., & Hood, R. W. (2000). Muslim attitudes towards religion scale: Factors, validity and complexity of relationships with mental health in Iran. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 3(2), 125–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamdan, A., & Tamim, H. (2011). Psychosocial risk and protective factors for postpartum depression in the United Arab Emirates. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 14, 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hestyanti, Y. R. (2006). Children survivors of the 2004 tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia: a study of resiliency. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 303–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini, M., Salehi, A., Khoshknab, M. F., Rokofian, A., & Davidson, P. M. (2013). The effect of a preoperative spiritual/religious intervention on anxiety in Shia Muslim patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grant surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Holistic Nursing. doi:10.1177/0898010113488242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inelmen, E. M., Gazeroo, M., Inelmen, E., Sergi, G., & Manzato, E. (2010). Alcohol consumption and suicide: A country-level analysis. Italian Journal of Public Health, 7(3), 106–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inozu, M., Clark, D. A., & Karanci, A. N. (2012). Scrupulosity in Islam: A comparison of highly religious Turkish and Canadian samples. Behavior Therapy, 43, 190–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jahangir, F., Rehman, H., & Jan, T. (1998). Degree of religiosity and vulnerability to suicidal attempt/plans in depressive patients among Afghan refugees. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 8(4), 265–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, J., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2008). Exploring the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and religious attitude in an international Muslim sample. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 30, 241–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabiru, C. W., Beguy, D., Crichton, J., & Ezeh, A. C. (2010). Self-reported drunkenness among adolescents in four sub-Saharan African countries: association with adverse childhood experiences. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4, 17.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kagimu, M., Guwatudde, D., Rwabukwali, C., Kaye, S., Walakira, Y., & Ainomugisha, D. (2012). Religiosity for HIV prevention n Uganda: A case study among Muslim youth in Wakiso district. African Health Sciences, 12(3), 282–290.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamal, Z., & Loewenthal, K. M. (2002). Suicide beliefs and behavior among young Muslims and Hindus in the UK. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 5(2), 111–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khamis, V. (2012). Impact of war, religiosity and ideology on PTSD and psychiatric disorders in adolescents from Gaza Strip and South Lebanon. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 2005–2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. M., Aklimunnessa, K., Kabir, M. A., Kabir, M., & Mori, M. (2006). Tobacco consumption and its association with illicit drug use among men in Bangladesh. Addiction, 101(8), 1178–1186.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, Z. H., & Watson, P. (2006). Construction of the Pakistani Religious Coping Practices Scale: Correlations with religious coping, religious orientation, and reactions to stress among Muslim university students. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 16(2), 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoshtinat, V. (2012). The impact of adherence to Islamic beliefs via public health on university students’ tendency to drug consumption. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3(10), 2155–2164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuyel, N., Cesur, S., & Ellison, C. G. (2012). Religious orientation and mental health: A study with Turkish university students. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 535–546.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D., & Abdel-Khalek, A. (2007). A Taoist orientation and mental health in Kuwaiti and American students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105(3, Pt. 1), 921–922.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levav, I., & Aiesenberg, E. (1989). Suicide in Israel: Crossnational comparisons. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 468–473.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mirzamani, M., & Mohammadi, M. R. (2003). Religious values in a group of psychiatric outpatients. Psychological Reports, 92(3 Pt 1), 787–790.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ndetei, D. M., Muriungi, S. K., Owoso, A., Mutiso, V. N., Mbwayo, A. W., Khasakhala, L. I., Barch, D. M., & Mamah, D. (2012). Prevalence and characteristics of psychotic-like experiences in Kenyan youth. Psychiatry Research, 196, 235–242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ndom, R. J. E., & Adelekan, M. L. (1996). Psychosocial correlates of substance use among undergraduates in Ilorin University, Nigeria. East African Medical Journal, 73, 541–547.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noon, H. M., Haneef, M. A. M., Yusof, S. A., & Amin, R. M. (2003). Religiosity and social problems in Malaysia. Intellectual Discourse, 11, 77–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuraskikin, M. S., Aini, A., Aida Syarinaz, A. A., Ng, C. G. (2010). Validity and reliability of the Malay version of Duke University Religion Index (DUREL-M) among a group of nursing students. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry 19(2). MJP Online Early.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurasikin, M. S., Khatijah, L. A., Aini, A., Ramil, M., Aida, S. A., Zainal, N. Z., & Ng, C. G. (2013). Religiousness, religious coping methods and distress level among psychiatric patients in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(4), 332–338.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozbay, O. (2008). Does social capital deter youth from cheating, alcohol use, and violence in Turkey?: Bringing torpil in. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(5), 403–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, W., & Kolstad, A. (2000). Adolescent alcohol abstainers: Traditional patterns in new groups. Acta Sociologica, 43, 219–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard, C., & Amanullah, S. (2007). An analysis of suicide and undetermined deaths in 17 predominantly Islamic countries contrasted with the UK. Psychological Medicine, 37(3), 421–430.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Razali, S. M., Aminah, K., & Khan, U. A. (2002). Religious-cultural psychotherapy in the management of anxiety patients. Transcultural Psychiatry, 39(1), 130–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razali, S. M., Hasanah, C. I., Aminah, K., & Subramaniam, M. (1998). Religious–sociocultural psychotherapy in patients with anxiety and depression. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32, 867–872.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaeian, M. (2010). Suicide among young Middle Eastern Muslim females: The perspective of an Iranian epidemiologist. Crisis, 31(1), 36–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodek, J., Sekulic, D., & Pasalic, E. (2009). Can we consider religiousness as a protective factor against doping behavior in sport? Journal of Religion and Health, 48(4), 445–453.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saffari, M., Pakpour, A. H., Naderi, M. K., Koenig, H. G., Baldacchino, D. R., & Piper, C. N. (2013). Spiritual coping, religiosity and quality of life: a stud on Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology, 18, 269–275.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salib, E., & Youakim, S. (2001). Spiritual healing in elderly psychiatric patients: A case-control study in an Egyptian psychiatric hospital. Aging & Mental Health, 5(4), 366–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholte, W. F., Olff, M., Ventevogel, P., de Vries, G.-J., Jansveld, E., Lopes Cardozo, B., et al. (2004). Mental Health Symptoms Following War and Repression in Eastern Afghanistan. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292(5), 585–593.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, A., & Chandia, M. (2010). The relationship between suicide and Islam: a cross-national study. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 2(2), 93–97.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sisask, M., Varnik, A., Kolves, K., Bertolote, J. M., Bolhari, J., Botega, N. J., Fleischmann, A., Vijayakumar, L., & Wasserman, D. (2010). Is religiosity a protective factor against attempted suicide: A cross-cultural case-control study. Archives of Suicide Research, 14, 44–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suhail, K. (2001). Death anxiety in a Pakistani sample. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 27(1–2), 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suhail, K., & Akram, S. (2002). Correlates of death anxiety in Pakistan. Death Studies, 26(1), 39–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suhail, K., & Ghauri, S. (2010). Phenomenology of delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia by religious convictions. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 13(3), 245–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taleghani, F., Yekta, Z. P., & Nasrabadi, A. N. (2006). Coping with breast cancer in newly diagnosed Iranian women. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(3), 265–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tavabi, A. A., & Iran-Pour, E. (2011). The association between religious beliefs and mental health amongst medical students. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 61, 135–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tek, C., & Ulug, B. (2001). Religiosity and religious obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 104(2), 99–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Templer, D. I. (1972). Death anxiety: Extraversion, neuroticism, and cigarette smoking. Omega, 3, 53–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomas-Sabado, J., & Gomez-Benito, J. (2004). Note on death anxiety in Spain and five Arab countries. Psychological Reports, 95(3 Pt 2), 1239–1240.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tuncay, T., Musabak, I., Gok, D. E., & Kutlu, M. (2008). The relationship between anxiety, coping strategies, and characteristics of patients with diabetes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 6, 79.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uddin, E. (2007–2008). Religious attitude, religiosity, and arrack drinking patterns among Muslim, Hindu, Santa, and Oaraon communities in Rasulpur Union, Bangladesh. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 28, 351–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Branden, S., & Broeckaert, B. (2011). Living in the hands of god. English Sunni e-fatwas on (non-) voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide. Medicine. Healthcare and Philosophy, 14, 29–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasegh, S., & Mohammadi, M. R. (2007). Religiosity, anxiety, and depression among a sample of Iranian medical students. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 37(2), 213–227.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahass, S., & Kent, G. (1997). Coping with auditory hallucinations: A cross-cultural comparison between Western (British) and non-Western (Saudi Arabian) patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 664–668.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, P., Ghorbani, N., Davison, H., Bing, M. N., Hood, R. W., Jr., & Ghramaleki, A. F. (2002). Negatively reinforcing personal extrinsic motivations: Religious orientation, inner awareness, and mental health in Iran and the United States. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 12(4), 255–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yorulmaz, O., Gencoz, T., & Woody, S. (2009). OCD cognitions and symptoms in different religious contexts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 401–406.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yuniarti, K. W., Dewi, C., Ningrum, R. P., Widiastuti, M., & Asril, N. M. (2013). Illness perception, stress, religiosity, depression, social support, and self management of diabetes in Indonesia. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 2(1), 25–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarghami, M., Valaie, N., Sartakhti, A. A., Mehraban, M., Mahmoudi, R., & Monesi, F. S. (2010). Attitudes of Iranian interns and residents towards euthanasia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 8(4), 486–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuraida, N. Z., & Ahmad, H. S. (2007). Religiosity and suicide ideation in clinically depressed patients. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koenig, H.G., Shohaib, S.A. (2014). Religion and Negative Emotions in Muslims. In: Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05873-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics