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Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering

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Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to understand the importance of sport for people, culture, and society, and to illustrate how emotional involvement in sport is intertwined with structural violence and illegal practices that jeopardize its healthy practice.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Graham Johnson reveals that “in the past, good players expected fans to get upset when they left a club, especially if they went to a big rival. But today, the boos and hisses of the ordinary supporters are accompanied by a sinister undertone: death threats, hate campaigns and attacks on family members.” In Football and Gangsters: How Organized Crime Controls the Beautiful Game. Great Britain: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 2007, p. 61.

  2. 2.

    In Football and Gangsters. How Organized Crime Controls the Beautiful Game. Great Britain: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 2007, p. 7.

  3. 3.

    In: A história do doping nos esportes. Available at http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Ciencia/0,,MUL1267929–5603,00-A+HISTORIA+DO+DOPING+NOS+ESPORTES.html.

  4. 4.

    According to Steve Greenfield and Guy Osborn, “The football authorities are very conscious of the problem of racism within the game, although there have been highly public instances of alleged abuse with racial undertones between players that have been largely ignored.” In The Football (Offences and Disorder) Act 1999: Amending s3 of the Football Offences Act 1991. 5 J. C. L. 55 2000, p. 62.

  5. 5.

    Football and Gangsters. How organized crime controls the beautiful game. Great Britain: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 2007, p. 195.

  6. 6.

    In Racismo poderá gerar até rebaixamento. FIFA. Federação cria pacote de propostas para combater discriminação, com punições financeiras e esportivas. Folha de São Paulo, esporte, D3, May 7, 2013.

  7. 7.

    Cf. ARRUDA, Eduardo. A ameaça. Folha de São Paulo, Esporte, D2, Painel FC, March 31, 2010.

  8. 8.

    In an interesting case, Eastham v. Newcastle United Football Club, George Eastham, a famous British football player, was at the end of his contract with Newcastle United. He requested to be transferred to another club, but at that time a club could effectively hold a player for life by withholding his playing registration and refusing any and all transfer requests by both the player and other clubs. In this system, considered an “archaic one,” players were like “soccer slaves.” In: James G. Irving, Red Card: The Battle Over European Football’s Transfer System. 56 U. Miami L. Ver. 667, 2002, p. 670.

  9. 9.

    In Labour Law, the Provision of Services, Transfer Rights and Social Dialogue in Professional Football in Europe. 4 ESLJ 1 2006–2007.

  10. 10.

    15 U.S.C. §§ 7801–7807 (2006).

  11. 11.

    In Flag on the Play: The Ineffectiveness of Athlete-Agent Laws and Regulations—and How North Carolina Can Take Advantage of a Scandal To Be A Model For Reform. 90 N.C. L. Rev. 800, 2011–2012, p. 803.

  12. 12.

    FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/95/83/85//regulationsstatusandtransfer_e.pdf, accessed on June 21, 2013.

  13. 13.

    Cf. Havelange, 96, renuncia a cargo na Fifa para não sofrer punição. Folha de São Paulo, Esporte, D4, May 1, 2013.

  14. 14.

    http://pt.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/president/news/newsid=2066172/index.html?intcmp=fifacom_hp_module_about_fifa, accessed May 1, 2013.

  15. 15.

    In Code of Ethics, http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/footballgovernance/codeethics.html, accessed June 1, 2013.

  16. 16.

    Statute of Children and Adolescents, Law No. 8.069, July 13, 1990, items 230, 238, 239, and 244-B.

  17. 17.

    Data revealed by Fernando Capez, based on the 10th UN Sessions Commission for Preventing Crime and Criminal Justice, which took place May 13–22, 2003, in Vienna, Austria. The principal discussed theme was international women and children trafficking (in : Curso de Direito Penal—parte especial, p. 105).

  18. 18.

    PIERANGELLI, José Enrique; in: O Consentimento do Ofendido na Teoria do Delito. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1989, pp. 68–75.

  19. 19.

    Cf. id.

  20. 20.

    Art. 14: “There is no punishment for those who perform the crime: I—with the consent from whom is able to waive the violated or threatened right.” The Alcântara Machado Bill relates to the Brazilian Penal Code.

  21. 21.

    In: PIERANGELLI, José Henrique. O consentimento do Ofendido na Teoria do Delito. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1989, p. 93.

  22. 22.

    In: Lições de Direito Penal—parte especial, p. 92.

  23. 23.

    Cf. LARRAURI, Elena. La imputación objetiva. Santa Fé de Bogotá/Colômbia: Temis, 1998., pp. 7–8.

  24. 24.

    In: Comentários ao Código Penal, arts. 1 a 27, p. 197.

  25. 25.

    Cf. PAGLIUCA, José Carlos Gobbis. A imputação objetiva (quase) sem seus mistérios. Revista da Associação Paulista do Ministério Público. São Paulo: ano IV, n. 35, out./nov./00. p. 35.

  26. 26.

    In: ROXIN, Claus. Problemas fundamentais de direito penal. Trad. Ana Paula dos Santos Luís Natscheradetz (Textos I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII e VIII), Maria Fernanda Palma (Texto IX) e Ana Isabel de Figueiredo (Texto X). 3. ed. Lisboa: Vega Universidade; Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 1998, p. 149.

  27. 27.

    Cf. Id., p. 153.

  28. 28.

    Cf. JESCHECK, Hans-Heinrich. Tratado de derecho penal: parte general. Trad. José Luis Manzanares Samaniego. 4. ed. Granada: Comares, 1993, p. 259.

  29. 29.

    Cf. ROXIN, Claus. Op. cit, p 155.

  30. 30.

    Citado por BITENCOURT, Cezar Roberto. Manual de direito penal: parte geral. 6. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2000. v. 1. p. 156).

  31. 31.

    Sobre a concepção e os princípios do Direito Penal Económico. Direito Penal Económico e Europeu: Textos Doutrinários, vol. I., p. 356.

  32. 32.

    Cf. TIEDEMANN, Klaus. Poder económico y delito (Introducción al derecho penal económico y de la empresa). Barcelona: Ariel, pp. 33–34. 1985.

  33. 33.

    “C’est à la fin des années 1980 que la communauté internationale prend conscience de l’inadéquation—et même de l’inanité—des droits nationaux em face d’une criminalité d’autant plus efficace qu’elle se déploie à l’échelle internationale et prospère précisément sur le terreau de la disparité et de l’absence d’harmonisation des législations nationales (…) La Convention ONU, signée à Vienne le 20 décembre 1988, traduit la première ce souci d’harmonisation.” In: Droit pénal des affaires, pp. 309–310.

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  1. Tribunal Regional Federal 3rd Region, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Fausto Martin De Sanctis

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De Sanctis, F. (2014). Sport. In: Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05609-8_2

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