Abstract
Like-charged particles usually interact via a repulsive force. However, in streaming dusty plasmas one can observe that two negatively charged dust particles may attract each other. This is explained by accumulation of positive ions below the dust particles (with respect to the streaming direction). In this chapter, we describe the dependence of this ion focus and the resulting wakes on discharge rf-power, pressure and thermophoretic force, as the three key parameters, that can be varied in dusty plasma experiments. Moreover, we discuss the impact of this attractive force on the collective properties of many dust particles, in particular, on the structure and on the dynamics of spherically confined clusters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
While the light plasma particles have a universal charge (electrons \(q_\text {e}\), ions \(q_\text {i}\)), the grain charge \(Q_\text {d}\) is subject to dynamical plasma processes and may fluctuate (this will not be taken into account in this chapter). Therefore, in order to denote this difference, we use small and capital letters, respectively.
References
G.E. Morfill, A.V. Ivlev, Complex plasmas: an interdisciplinary research field. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1353 (2009)
M. Bonitz, C. Henning, D. Block, Complex plasmas: a laboratory for strong correlations. Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 066501 (2010)
M. Bonitz, N. Horing, P. Ludwig (eds.), in Introduction to Complex Plasmas. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics (Springer, Heidelberg, 2010)
A. Ivlev, H. Löwen, G. Morfill, C.P. Royall, in Complex Plasmas and Colloidal Dispersions: Particle-Resolved Studies of Classical Liquids and Solids. Series in Soft Condensed Matter, vol 5 (World Scientific Pub Co, Singapore, 2012)
S. Ichimaru, Strongly coupled plasmas: high density classical plasmas and degenerate electron liquids. Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 1017 (1982)
H. Ikezi, Coulomb solid of small particles in plasmas. Phys. Fluids 29, 1764 (1986)
S. Hamaguchi, R. Farouki, D.H.E. Dubin, Triple point of Yukawa systems. Phys. Rev. E 56, 4671 (1997)
J. Schiffer, Melting of crystalline confined plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 205003 (2002)
O. Arp, D. Block, A. Piel, A. Melzer, Dust Coulomb balls: three-dimensional plasma crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165004 (2004)
A. Schella, T. Miksch, A. Melzer, J. Schablinski, D. Block, A. Piel, H. Thomsen, P. Ludwig, M. Bonitz, Melting scenarios for 3D dusty plasma clusters. Phys. Rev. E 84, 056402 (2011)
A. Filinov, M. Bonitz, Y. Lozovik, Wigner crystallization in mesoscopic 2D electron systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3851 (2001)
J. Böning, A. Filinov, P. Ludwig, H. Baumgartner, M. Bonitz, Y.E. Lozovik, Melting of trapped few-particle systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 113401 (2008)
M. Bonitz, D. Block, O. Arp, V. Golubnychiy, H. Baumgartner, P. Ludwig, A. Piel, A. Filinov, Structural properties of screened Coulomb balls. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006)
O. Arp, D. Block, M. Klindworth, A. Piel, Confinement of Coulomb balls. Phys. Plasmas 12, 122102 (2005)
H. Baumgartner, H. Kählert, V. Golobnychiy, C. Henning, S. Käding, A. Melzer, M. Bonitz, Shell structure of Yukawa balls. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 47, 281 (2007)
S. Käding, D. Block, A. Melzer, A. Piel, H. Kählert, P. Ludwig, M. Bonitz, Shell transitions between metastable states of Yukawa balls. Phys. Plasmas 15, 073710 (2008)
V.M. Bedanov, F.M. Peeters, Ordering and phase transitions of charged particles in a classical finite two-dimensional system. Phys. Rev. B 49, 2667 (1994)
A. Melzer, M. Klindworth, A. Piel, Normal modes of 2D finite Coulomb clusters in complex plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 115002 (2001)
M. Kroll, J. Schablinski, D. Block, A. Piel, On the influence of wakefields on three-dimensional particle arrangements. Phys. Plasmas 17, 013702 (2010)
C. Killer, A. Schella, T. Miksch, A. Melzer, Vertically elongated 3D Yukawa clusters in dusty plasmas. Phys. Rev. B 84, 054104 (2011)
A. Schella, M. Mulsow, A. Melzer, J. Schablinski, D. Block, From transport to disorder: thermodynamic properties of finite dust clouds. Phys. Rev. E 87, 063102 (2013)
H. Totsuji, T. Kishimoto, C. Totsuji, K. Tsuruta, Competition between two forms of ordering in finite Coulomb clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 125002 (2002)
P. Ludwig, S. Kosse, M. Bonitz, Structure of spherical three-dimensional Coulomb crystals. Phys. Rev. E 71, 046403 (2005)
D. Block, M. Kroll, O. Arp, A. Piel, S. Käding, Y. Ivanov, A. Melzer, C. Henning, H. Baumgartner, P. Ludwig, M. Bonitz, Structural and dynamical properties of Yukawa balls. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 49, B109 (2007)
D. Block, S. Käding, A. Melzer, A. Piel, H. Baumgartner, M. Bonitz, Experiments on metastable states of three-dimensional trapped particle clusters. Phys. Plasmas 15, 040701 (2008)
H. Baumgartner, V. Golobnychiy, D. Asmus, P. Ludwig, M. Bonitz, Ground states of finite spherical Yukawa crystals. New J. Phys. 10, 093019 (2008)
P. Ludwig, H. Thomsen, K. Balzer, A. Filinov, M. Bonitz, Tuning correlations in multi-component plasmas. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 52, 124013 (2010)
T. Antonova, B.M. Annaratone, D.D. Goldbeck, V. Yaroshenko, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, Measurement of the interaction force among particles in 3D plasma clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 115001 (2006)
T. Antonova, B.M. Annaratone, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, Energy relaxation and vibrations in small 3D plasma clusters. New J. Phys. 10, 043028 (2008)
S.W.S. Apolinario, F. Peeters, Melting transitions in isotropically confined three-dimensional small Coulomb clusters. Phys. Rev. E 76, 031107 (2007)
A. Melzer, B. Buttenschön, T. Miksch, M. Passvogel, D. Block, O. Arp, A. Piel, Finite dust clusters in dusty plasmas. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 52, 124028 (2010)
C. Henning, H. Kählert, P. Ludwig, A. Melzer, M. Bonitz, Spectral properties of spherically confined dusty plasma crystals. J. Phys. A 42, 214023 (2009)
H. Kählert, P. Ludwig, H. Baumgartner, M. Bonitz, D. Block, S. Käding, A. Melzer, A. Piel, Probability of metastable configurations in spherical three-dimensional Yukawa crystals. Phys. Rev. E 78, 036408 (2008)
Y. Ivanov, A. Melzer, Modes of three-dimensional dust crystals in dusty plasmas. Phys. Rev. E 79, 036402 (2009)
H. Kählert, M. Bonitz, How spherical plasma crystals form. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 015001 (2010)
C. Henning, K. Fujioka, P. Ludwig, A. Piel, A. Melzer, M. Bonitz, Existence and vanishing of the breathing mode in strongly correlated finite systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 045002 (2008)
A. Melzer, Zigzag transition of finite dust clusters. Phys. Rev. E 73, 056404 (2006)
S.W.S. Apolinario, F. Peeters, Melting of anisotropically confined Coulomb balls. Phys. Rev. B 78, 024202 (2008)
J. Kong, T.W. Hyde, L. Matthews, K. Qiao, Z. Zhang, A. Douglass, One-dimensional vertical dust strings in a glass box. Phys. Rev. E 84, 016411 (2011)
A. Radzvilavičius, O. Rancova, E. Anisimovas, Dimensional transitions in small Yukawa clusters. Phys. Rev. E 86, 016404 (2012)
A. Melzer, V.A. Schweigert, I.V. Schweigert, A. Homann, S. Peters, A. Piel, Structure and stability of the plasma crystal. Phys. Rev. E 54, 46 (1996)
K. Takahashi, T. Oishi, K. Shimomai, Y. Hayashi, S. Nishino, Analyses of attractive forces between particles in Coulomb crystal of dusty plasmas by optical manipulations. Phys. Rev. E 58, 7805 (1998)
J. Hammerberg, D. Lemons, M. Murillo, D. Winske, Molecular dynamics simulations of plasma crystal formation including wake effects. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 29(2), 247 (2001)
S.V. Vladimirov, M. Nambu, Attraction of charged particulates in plasmas with finite flows. Phys. Rev. E 52, R2172 (1995)
F. Melandsø, J. Goree, Polarized supersonic plasma flow simulation for charged bodies such as dust particles and spacecraft. Phys. Rev. E 52, 5312 (1995)
V.A. Schweigert, I.V. Schweigert, A. Melzer, A. Homann, A. Piel, Alignment and instability of ’dust’ crystals in plasmas. Phys. Rev. E 54, 4155 (1996)
O. Ishihara, S.V. Vladimirov, Wake potential of a dust grain in a plasma with ion flow. Phys. Plasmas 4(1), 69 (1997)
D. Winske, W. Daughton, D.S. Lemons, M.S. Murillo, Ion kinetic effects on the wake potential behind a dust grain in a flowing plasma. Phys. Plasmas 7(6), 2320 (2000)
A. Melzer, V. Schweigert, A. Piel, Transition from attractive to repulsive forces in dust molecules in a plasma sheath. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3194 (1999)
G.A. Hebner, M.E. Riley, Measurement of attractive interactions produced by the ion wakefield in dusty plasmas using a constrained collision geometry. Phys. Rev. E 68, 046401 (2003)
A.A. Samarian, S.V. Vladimirov, Dust particle alignments in a plasma sheath. Contrib. Plasma Phys. 49(4–5), 260 (2009)
A. Melzer, Laser-experiments on particle interactions in strongly coupled dusty plasma crystals. Phys. Scr. T89, 33 (2001)
M. Kroll, J. Schablinski, D. Block, A. Piel, On the influence of wakefields on three-dimensional particle arrangements. Phys. Plasmas 17(1), 013702 (2010)
J.H. Chu, I. Lin, Direct observation of Coulomb crystals and liquids in strongly coupled rf dusty plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 4009 (1994)
Y. Hayashi, K. Tachibana, Observation of Coulomb crystal formation from carbon particles grown in a methane plasma. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33, L804 (1994)
H. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, V. Demmel, J. Goree, B. Feuerbacher, D. Möhlmann, Plasma crystal—Coulomb crystallization in a dusty plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 652 (1994)
T. Trottenberg, A. Melzer, A. Piel, Measurement of the electric charge on particulates forming Coulomb crystals in the sheath of an rf plasma. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 4, 450 (1995)
A. Melzer, A. Homann, A. Piel, Experimental investigation of the melting transition of the plasma crystal. Phys. Rev. E 53, 2757 (1996)
M. Nambu, S.V. Vladimirov, P.K. Shukla, Attractive forces between charged particulates in plasmas. Phys. Lett. A 203, 40 (1995)
F. Melandsø, Heating and phase transitions of dust plasma crystals in a flowing plasma. Phys. Rev. E 55, 7495 (1997)
M. Lampe, G. Joyce, G. Ganguli, Interactions between dust grains in a dusty plasma. Phys. Plasmas 7, 3851 (2000)
M. Lampe, G. Joyce, G. Ganguli, Structure and dynamics of dust in streaming plasma: dust molecules, strings, and crystals. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33, 57 (2005)
P. Ludwig, W.J. Miloch, H. Kählert, M. Bonitz, On the wake structure in streaming complex plasmas. New J. Phys. 14(5), 053016 (2012)
A. Piel, Alignment of dust particles by ion drag forces in subsonic flows. Phys. Plasmas 18, 073704 (2011)
W.J. Miloch, M. Kroll, D. Block, Charging and dynamics of a dust grain in the wake of another grain in flowing plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 17, 103703 (2010)
V.R. Ikkurthi, K. Matyash, A. Melzer, R. Schneider, Computation of charge and ion drag force on multiple static spherical dust grains immersed in rf discharges. Phys. Plasmas 17, 103712 (2010)
I.H. Hutchinson, Forces on a small grain in the nonlinear plasmawake of another. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 095001 (2011)
I.H. Hutchinson, C.B. Haakonsen, Collisional effects on nonlinear ion drag force for small grains. Phys. Plasmas 20, 083701 (2013)
H. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, Melting dynamics of a plasma crystal. Nature 379, 806 (1996)
V.A. Schweigert, I.V. Schweigert, A. Melzer, A. Homann, A. Piel, Plasma crystal melting: a nonequilibrium phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5345 (1998)
Y. Ivanov, A. Melzer, Melting dynamics of finite clusters in dusty plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 12, 072110 (2005)
S.K. Zhdanov, A.V. Ivlev, G.E. Morfill, Mode-coupling instability of two-dimensional plasma crystals. Phys. Plasmas 16, 083706 (2009)
L. Couëdel, V. Nosenko, A.V. Ivlev, S.K. Zhdanov, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, Direct observation of mode-coupling instability in two-dimensional plasma crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 195001 (2010)
T.B. Röcker, A.V. Ivlev, R. Kompaneets, G.E. Morfill, Mode coupling in two-dimensional plasma crystals: role of the wake model. Phys. Plasmas 19, 033708 (2012)
A. Piel, Plasma Physics: An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas (Springer, Heidelberg, 2010)
P. Ludwig, H. Kählert, M. Bonitz, Ion-streaming induced order transition in three-dimensional dust clusters. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 54, 045011 (2012)
L. Wörner, C. Räth, V. Nosenko, S.K. Zhdanov, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, J. Schablinski, D. Block, String structures in driven 3D complex-plasma clusters. Europhys. Lett. 100(3), 35001 (2012)
O. Arp, J. Goree, A. Piel, Particle chains in a dilute dusty plasma with subsonic ion flow. Phys. Rev. E 85, 046409 (2012)
V. Steinberg, R. Sütterlin, A.V. Ivlev, G. Morfill, Vertical pairing of identical particles suspended in the plasma sheath. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4540 (2001)
A.A. Samarian, S.V. Vladimirov, B. James, Wake-induced symmetry-breaking of dust particle arrangements in a complex plasma. JETP Lett. 82, 858 (2005)
J. Carstensen, F. Greiner, D. Block, J. Schablinski, W.J. Miloch, A. Piel, Charging and coupling of a vertically aligned particle pair in the plasma sheath. Phys. Plasmas 19, 033702 (2012)
J. Carstensen, F. Greiner, A. Piel, Ion-wake-mediated particle interaction in a magnetized-plasma flow. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 135001 (2012)
G.E. Morfill, A.V. Ivlev, H.M. Thomas, Complex (dusty) plasmas kinetic studies of strong coupling phenomena. Phys. Plasmas 19, 055402 (2012)
S. Käding, A. Melzer, Three-dimensional stereoscopy of Yukawa (Coulomb) balls in dusty plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 13, 090701 (2006)
T.M. Flanagan, J. Goree, Observation of the spatial growth of self-excited dust-density waves. Phys. Plasmas 17, 123702 (2010)
L. Wörner, V. Nosenko, A.V. Ivlev, S.K. Zhdanov, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, M. Kroll, J. Schablinski, D. Block, Effect of rotating electric field on 3D complex (dusty) plasma. Phys. Plasmas 18, 063706 (2011)
W.D.S. Ruhunusiri, J. Goree, Synchronization mechanism and Arnold tongues for dust density waves. Phys. Rev. E 85, 046401 (2012)
Y. Ivanov, A. Melzer, Particle positioning techniques for dusty plasma experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 033506 (2007)
J. Pieper, J. Goree, R. Quinn, Three-dimensional structure in a crystallized dusty plasma. Phys. Rev. E 54, 5636 (1996)
M. Zuzic, A.V. Ivlev, J. Goree, G.E. Morfill, H.M. Thomas, H. Rothermel, U. Konopka, R. Sütterlin, D.D. Goldbeck, Three-dimensional strongly coupled plasma crystal under gravity conditions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4064 (2000)
J.E. Thomas, J.D. Willimas, J. Silver, Application of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry to studies of transport in a dusty (complex) plasma. Phys. Plasmas 11, L37 (2004)
M. Kroll, D. Block, A. Piel, Digital in-line holography of dusty plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 15, 063703 (2008)
B.M. Annaratone, T. Antonova, D.D. Goldbeck, H.M. Thomas, G.E. Morfill, Complex-plasma manipulation by radiofrequency biasing. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 46, B495 (2004)
P. Hartmann, I. Donkó, Z. Donkó, Single exposure three-dimensional imaging of dusty plasma clusters. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 023501 (2013)
M. Wolter, A. Melzer, Laser heating of particles in dusty plasmas. Phys. Rev. E 71, 036414 (2005)
V. Nosenko, J. Goree, A. Piel, Laser method of heating monolayer dusty plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 13, 032106 (2006)
Y. Feng, J. Goree, B. Liu, Evolution of shear-induced melting in a dusty plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 165003 (2010)
P. Hartmann, M.C. Sándor, A. Kovács, Z. Donkó, Static and dynamic shear viscosity of a single-layer complex plasma. Phys. Rev. E 84, 016404 (2011)
J. Schablinski, D. Block, A. Piel, A. Melzer, H. Thomsen, H. Kählert, M. Bonitz, Laser heating of finite two-dimensional dust clusters: A. Experiments. Phys. Plasmas 19, 013705 (2012)
H. Thomsen, H. Kählert, M. Bonitz, J. Schablinski, D. Block, A. Piel, A. Melzer, Laser heating of finite two-dimensional dust clusters: B. Simulations. Phys. Plasmas 19, 023701 (2012)
V. Nosenko, A.V. Ivlev, G.E. Morfill, Anisotropic shear melting and recrystallization of a two-dimensional complex plasma. Phys. Rev. E 87, 043115 (2013)
V. Nosenko, S.K. Zhdanov, A.V. Ivlev, C.A. Knapek, G.E. Morfill, 2D melting of plasma crystals: equilibrium and nonequilibrium regimes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 015001 (2009)
A. Piel, A. Homann, A. Melzer, Laser-excited waves in a plasma crystal. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 41, A453 (1999)
A. Melzer, S. Nunomura, D. Samsonov, J. Goree, Laser-excited Mach cones in a dusty plasma crystal. Phys. Rev. E 62, 4162 (2000)
V. Nosenko, J. Goree, Z.W. Ma, A. Piel, Observation of shear-wave Mach cones in a 2D dusty-plasma crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 135001 (2002)
B. Liu, J. Goree, V. Nosenko, L. Boufendi, Radiation pressure and gas drag forces on a melamine-formaldehyde microsphere in a dusty plasma. Phys. Plasmas 10, 9 (2003)
W.J. Miloch, D. Block, Dust grain charging in a wake of other grains. Phys. Plasmas 19, 123703 (2012)
U. Konopka, G. Morfill, L. Ratke, Measurement of the interaction potential of microspheres in the sheath of a rf discharge. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 891 (2000)
A.K. Mukhopadhyay, J. Goree, Two-particle distribution and correlation function for a 1D dusty plasma experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 165003 (2012)
G.A. Hebner, M.E. Riley, Structure of the ion wakefield in dusty plasmas. Phys. Rev. E 69, 026405 (2004)
I.H. Hutchinson, Intergrain forces in low-Mach-number plasma wakes. Phys. Rev. E 85, 066409 (2012)
J. Beckers, T. Ockenga, M. Wolter, W.W. Stoffels, J. van Dijk, H. Kersten, G.M.W. Kroesen, Microparticles in a collisional Rf plasma sheath under hypergravity conditions as probes for the electric field strength and the particle charge. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 115002 (2011)
G. Schubert, R. Basner, H. Kersten, H. Fehske, Determination of sheath parameters by test particles upon local electrode bias and plasma switching. Eur. Phys. J. D 63, 431–440 (2011)
V.A. Schweigert, F. Peeters, Spectral properties of classical two-dimensional clusters. Phys. Rev. B 51, 7700 (1995)
A. Melzer, Mode spectra of thermally excited two-dimensional dust Coulomb clusters. Phys. Rev. E 67, 016411 (2003)
A. Schella, M. Mulsow, A. Melzer, H. Kählert, D. Block, P. Ludwig, M. Bonitz, Crystal and fluid modes in three-dimensional finite dust clouds, New J. Phys. 15, 113021 (2013)
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank M. Mulsow for help with the data processing. We acknowledge financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via SFB-TR24, projects A3, A7 and A9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schella, A., Melzer, A., Ludwig, P., Thomsen, H., Bonitz, M. (2014). Introduction to Streaming Complex Plasmas A: Attraction of Like-Charged Particles. In: Bonitz, M., Lopez, J., Becker, K., Thomsen, H. (eds) Complex Plasmas. Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol 82. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05437-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05437-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-05436-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-05437-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)