Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecules in Strong Laser Fields

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Resolving Strong Field Dynamics in Cation States of CO_2 via Optimised Molecular Alignment

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

  • 454 Accesses

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the background and context for interpreting the experiments presented in this thesis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. A. Einstein, Über einen die erzeugung und verwandlung des lichtes betreffenden heuristischen gesichtspunkt. Annalen der Physik 322(6), 132–148 (1905)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. G.S. Voronov, N.B. Delone, Soviet Phys. JETP Lett. 1, 66 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  3. C.H.K.M Protopapas, P.L. Knight, Atomic physics with super-high intensity lasers. Rep. Prog. Phys. 60, 389 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. Agostini, F. Fabre, G. Mainfray, G. Petite, N.K. Rahman, Free-free transitions following six-photon ionization of xenon atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1127–1130 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  5. F. Fabre, G. Petite, P. Agostini, M. Clement, Multiphoton above-threshold ionisation of xenon at 0.53 and \(1.06\,\upmu \,{\rm {m}}\). J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15(9), 1353–1369 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. T. Brabec, Strong Field Laser Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. L.A. Lompré, A. L’Huillier, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, Laser-intensity effects in the energy distributions of electrons produced in multiphoton ionization of rare gases. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 2, 1906–1912 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  8. G.G. Paulus, W. Nicklich, H. Walther, Investigation of above-threshold ionization with femtosecond pulses: Connection between plateau and angular distribution of the photoelectrons. Europhys. Lett. (EPL) 27, 267–272 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  9. G.G. Paulus, W. Nicklich, H. Xu, P. Lambropoulos, H. Walther, Plateau in above threshold ionization spectra. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2851–2854 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. Keldysh, Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave. Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1314, 1307 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  11. T. Brabec, F. Krausz, Intense few-cycle laser fields: frontiers of nonlinear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 545 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  12. F. Krausz, M. Ivanov, Attosecond physics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. G.L. Yudin, M.Y. Ivanov, Nonadiabatic tunnel ionization: looking inside a laser cycle. Phys. Rev. A 64, 013409 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. F.H.M. Faisal, Multiple absorption of laser photons by atoms. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 6, L89–L92 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  15. H.R. Reiss, Effect of an intense electromagnetic field on a weakly bound system. Phys. Rev. A 22, 1786–1813 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Lewenstein, P. Balcou, M.Y. Ivanov, A. L’Huillier, P.B. Corkum, Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 49, 2117 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  17. A.M. Perelomov, V.S. Popov, M.V. Terent’ev, Ionization of atoms in an alternating electric field. Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 23, 924 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  18. A.M. Perelomov, V.S. Popov, M.V. Terent’ev, Ionization of atoms in an alternating electric field: II. Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 24, 207 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  19. A.M. Perelomov, V.S. Popov, Ionization of atoms in an alternating electrical field. III. Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 25, 336 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  20. N.B.D.M.V. Ammosov, V.P. Krainov, Tunnel ionization of complex atoms and atomic ions by an alternating electromagnetic field. Sov. Phys. JETP 64, 1191–1194 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  21. S.F.J. Larochelle, A. Talebpour, S.L. Chin, Coulomb effect in multiphoton ionization of rare-gas atoms. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31, 1215–1224 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  22. P.B. Corkum, Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994–1997 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  23. C. Cornaggia, P. Hering, Nonsequential double ionization of small molecules induced by a femtosecond laser field. Phys. Rev. A 62(2), 023403 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M.Y. Ivanov, M. Spanner, O. Smirnova, Anatomy of strong field ionization. J. Mod. Opt. 52, 165–184 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Suresh, J. McKenna, B. Srigengan, I. Williams, E. English, S. Stebbings, W. Bryan, W. Newell, E. Divall, C. Hooker, A. Langley, Multiple ionization of ions and atoms by intense ultrafast laser pulses. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 235(1–4), 216–220 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. McKenna, M. Suresh, B. Srigengan, I.D. Williams, W.A. Bryan, E.M.L. English, S.L. Stebbings, W.R. Newell, I.C.E. Turcu, J.M. Smith, E.J. Divall, C.J. Hooker, A.J. Langley, J.L. Collier, Ultrafast ionization study of N\(_{2}\) in intense linearly and circularly polarized laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 73(4), 043401 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. McKenna, M. Suresh, B. Srigengan, I.D. Williams, W.A. Bryan, E.M.L. English, S.L. Stebbings, W.R. Newell, I.C.E. Turcu, J.M. Smith, E.J. Divall, C.J. Hooker, A.J. Langley, J.L. Collier, Rescattering-enhanced dissociation of a molecular ion. Phys. Rev. A 74, 043409 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  28. B. Zon, Tunneling ionization of atoms with excitation of the core. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 91(5), 899–904 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Lezius, V. Blanchet, D.M. Rayner, D.M. Villeneuve, A. Stolow, M.Y. Ivanov, Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics in strong field molecular ionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 51 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  30. W.A. Bryan, S.L. Stebbings, J. McKenna, E.M.L. English, M. Suresh, J. Wood, B. Srigengan, I.C.E. Turcu, J.M. Smith, E.J. Divall, C.J. Hooker, A.J. Langley, J.L. Collier, I.D. Williams, W.R. Newell, Atomic excitation during recollision-free ultrafast multi-electron tunnel ionization. Nat. Phys. 2(6), 379–383 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A.N. Pfeiffer, C. Cirelli, M. Smolarski, R. Dörner, U. Keller, Timing the release in sequential double ionization. Nat. Phys. 7(5), 428–433 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A.N. Pfeiffer, C. Cirelli, M. Smolarski, X. Wang, J.H. Eberly, R. Drner, U. Keller, Breakdown of the independent electron approximation in sequential double ionization. New J. Phys. 13, 093008 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  33. I.V. Litvinyuk, F. Logar, P.W. Dooley, D.M. Villeneuve, P.B. Corkum, J. Zanghellini, A. Pegarkov, C. Fabian, T. Brabec, Shakeup excitation during optical tunnel ionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 033003 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Z.B. Walters, O. Smirnova, Attosecond correlation dynamics during electron tunnelling from molecules. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43(16), 161002 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. G.G. Paulus, W. Becker, W. Nicklich, H. Walther, Rescattering effects in above-threshold ionization: a classical model. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27, L703–L708 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  36. M. Lein, Molecular imaging using recolliding electrons. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40(16), R135–R173 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. K.C. Kulander, K.J. Schafer, J.L. Krause, Super-intense laser-atom physics, in NATO Advanced Study Institute Series B: Physics, vol. 316 (Plenum, New York, 1993), p. 95

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Thomson, C. Leburn, D. Reid (eds.), Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics (Springer, Berlin, 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  39. D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, A.B. Bardon, D.M. Villeneuve, R. Dorner, P.B. Corkum, Controlling attosecond double ionization dynamics via molecular alignment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203003 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  40. K.S. Budil, P. Salires, M.D. Perry, A. L’Huillier, Influence of ellipticity on harmonic generation. Phys. Rev. A 48, R3437 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Guo, T. Wang, X.-S. Liu, J.-Z. Sun, Non-sequential double ionization of mg atoms in elliptically polarized laser fields. Laser Phys. 23, 055303 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  42. T. Brabec, M.Y. Ivanov, P.B. Corkum, Coulomb focusing in intense field atomic processes. Phys. Rev. A 54(4), R2551–R2554 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. X. Wang, J.H. Eberly, Elliptical trajectories in nonsequential double ionization. New J. Phys. 12, 093047 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. Tate, T. Auguste, H.G. Muller, P. SaliTres, P. Agostini, L.F. DiMauro, Scaling of wave-packet dynamics in an intense midinfrared field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 013901 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  45. S. Augst, D. Strickland, D.D. Meyerhofer, S.L. Chin, J.H. Eberly, Tunneling ionization of noble gases in a high-intensity laser field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2212 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  46. T. Auguste, P. Monot, L.A. Lompre, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, Multiply charged ions produced in noble gases by a 1 ps laser pulse at lambda \(=\) 1053 nm. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25(20), 4181 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. D.N. Fittinghoff, P.R. Bolton, B. Chang, K.C. Kulander, Observation of nonsequential double ionization of helium with optical tunneling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2642 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  48. U. Eichmann, M. D/"orr, H. Maeda, W. Becker, W. Sandner, Collective multielectron tunneling ionization in strong fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3550 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  49. E. Eremina, Electron correlation in multiple ionization of atoms and molecules by intense ultra-short laser pulses. Ph.D. thesis, TU Berlin (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  50. D.N. Fittinghoff, P.R. Bolton, B. Chang, K.C. Kulander, Polarization dependence of tunneling ionization of helium and neon by 120-fs pulses at 614 nm. Phys. Rev. A 49, 2174 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  51. O. Herrwerth, A. Rudenko, M. Kremer, V.L.B. de Jesus, B. Fischer, G. Gademann, K. Simeonidis, A. Achtelik, T. Ergler, B. Feuerstein, C.D. Schrter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, Wavelength dependence of sub-laser-cycle few-electron dynamics in strong-field multiple ionization. New J. Phys. 10(2), 025007 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. B. Feuerstein, R. Moshammer, D. Fischer, A. Dorn, C.D. Schrter, J. Deipenwisch, J.R.C. Lopez-Urrutia, C. Hhr, P. Neumayer, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, W. Sandner, Separation of recollision mechanisms in nonsequential strong field double ionization of Ar: the role of excitation tunneling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 043003 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. Moshammer, B. Feuerstein, W. Schmitt, A. Dorn, C. D. Schröter, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, K. Hoffmann, W. Sandner, Momentum distributions of ne\(^{n+}\) ions created by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 447 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  54. R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, B. Feuerstein, D. Fischer, A. Dorn, C.D. Schrter, J.R.C. Lpez-Urrutia, C. Hhr, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, K. Hoffmann, W. Sandner, Strongly directed electron emission in non-sequential double ionization of ne by intense laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36(6), L113–L119 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. Rudenko, T. Ergler, K. Zrost, B. Feuerstein, V.L.B. de Jesus, C.D. Schrter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, From non-sequential to sequential strong-field multiple ionization: identification of pure and mixed reaction channels. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41(8), 081006 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. R. Dörner, V. Mergel, O. Jagutzki, L. Spielberger, J. Ullrich, R. Moshammer, H. Schmidt-Bcking, Cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy: a ‘momentum microscope’ to view atomic collision dynamics. Phys. Rep. 330, 95–192 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Rudenko, K. Zrost, B. Feuerstein, V.L.B. de Jesus, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, Correlated multielectron dynamics in ultrafast laser pulse interactions with atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 253001 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  58. V.L.B. de Jesus, B. Feuerstein, K. Zrost, D. Fischer, A. Rudenko, F. Afaneh, C.D. Schr/"oter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, Atomic structure dependence of nonsequential double ionization of He, Ne and Ar in strong laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37(8), L161–L167 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. A.S. Alnaser, D. Comtois, A.T. Hasan, D.M. Villeneuve, J. Kieffer, I.V. Litvinyuk, Strong-field non-sequential double ionization: wavelength dependence of ion momentum distributions for neon and argon. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41(3), 031001 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. X. Liu, H. Rottke, E. Eremina, W. Sandner, E. Goulielmakis, K.O. Keeffe, M. Lezius, F. Krausz, F. Lindner, M.G. Schtzel, G.G. Paulus, H. Walther, Nonsequential double ionization at the Single-Optical-Cycle limit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 263001 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  61. S. Baker, J.S. Robinson, C.A. Haworth, H. Teng, R.A. Smith, C.C. Chiril, M. Lein, J.W.G. Tisch, J.P. Marangos, Probing proton dynamics in molecules on an attosecond time scale. Science 312(5772), 424–427 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. J.I. Steinfeld, Molecules and Radiation: Introduction to Modern Molecular Spectroscopy (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  63. D. Tannor, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: A Time-Dependent Perspective, U.S., illustrated edn. (University Science Books, Sausalito, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  64. H. Lefebvre-Brion, R.W. Field, The Spectra and Dynamics of Diatomic Molecules: Revised and Enlarged Edition, 1st edn. (Academic Press, New York, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  65. W. Demtrder, Atoms, Molecules and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic- Molecular- and Quantum Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  66. P.B. Bransden, P.C. Joachain, Physics of Atoms and Molecules, 2nd edn. (Prentice Hall, Harlow, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  67. M.J. Winter, Chemical Bonding (Oxford University Press, Oxford,1994)

    Google Scholar 

  68. P. Atkins, R. Friedman, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 4th edn. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Bandrauk, Molecules in Laser Fields, 1st edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993)

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. Franck, E.G. Dymond, Elementary processes of photochemical reactions. Trans. Faraday Soc. 21, 536 (1926)

    Google Scholar 

  71. E.U. Condon, Nuclear motions associated with electron transitions in diatomic molecules. Phys. Rev. 32, 858–872 (1928)

    Google Scholar 

  72. J.H. Posthumus, The dynamics of small molecules in intense laser fields. Rep. Prog. Phys. 67(5), 623–665 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. L.J. Frasinski, J.H. Posthumus, J. Plumridge, K. Codling, P.F. Taday, A.J. Langley, Manipulation of bond hardening in H\(_2^+\) by chirping of intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3625–3628 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  74. L.J. Frasinski, J. Plumridge, J.H. Posthumus, K. Codling, P.F. Taday, E.J. Divall, A.J. Langley, Counterintuitive alignment of H\(_2^+\) in intense femtosecond laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2541–2544 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  75. P.H. Bucksbaum, A. Zavriyev, H.G. Muller, D.W. Schumacher, Softening of the H\(_2^+\) molecular bond in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1883–1886 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  76. A. Giusti-Suzor, F.H. Mies, Vibrational trapping and suppression of dissociation in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3869–3872 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  77. J.J. Larsen, Laser induced alignment of neutral molecules. Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  78. K. Codling, L.J. Frasinski, Coulomb explosion of simple molecules in intense laser fields. Contemp. Phys. 35(4), 243 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. M. Abu-samha, L.B. Madsen, Theory of strong-field ionization of aligned Co\(_2\). Phys. Rev. A 80(2), 023401 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. X.M. Tong, Z.X. Zhao, C.D. Lin, Theory of molecular tunneling ionization. Phys.Rev. A 66(3), 033402 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. B.K. McFarland, J.P. Farrell, P.H. Bucksbaum, M. Guhr, High harmonic generation from multiple orbitals in N\(_2\). Science 322, 1232–1235 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  82. W. Boutu, S. Haessler, H. Merdji, P. Breger, G. Waters, M. Stankiewicz, L.J. Frasinski, R. Taieb, J. Caillat, A. Maquet, P. Monchicourt, B. Carre, P. Salieres, Coherent control of attosecond emission from aligned molecules. Nat. Phys. 4(7), 545–549 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. X. Jia, W. Li, J. Liu, J. Chen, Alignment-dependent nonsequential double ionization of N\(_2\) in intense laser fields: the role of different valence orbitals. Phys. Rev. A 80, 053405 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  84. O. Smirnova, Y. Mairesse, S. Patchkovskii, N. Dudovich, D. Villeneuve, P. Corkum, M.Y. Ivanov, High harmonic interferometry of multi-electron dynamics in molecules. Nature 460(7258), 972–977 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. D. Pavicic, K.F. Lee, D.M. Rayner, P.B. Corkum, D.M. Villeneuve, Direct measurement of the angular dependence of ionization for N\(_{2}\), O\(_{2}\), and Co\(_{2}\) in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(24), 243001 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. G.A. Gallup, I.I. Fabrikant, Semiclassical complex-time method for tunneling ionization: molecular suppression and orientational dependence. Phys. Rev. A 81(3), 033417 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. S. Petretti, Y.V. Vanne, A. Saenz, A. Castro, P. Decleva, Alignment-dependent ionization of N\(_{2}\), O\(_{2}\), and Co\(_{2}\) in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 104(22), 223001 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  88. R. Murray, M. Spanner, S. Patchkovskii, M.Y. Ivanov, Tunnel ionization of molecules and orbital imaging. Phys. Rev. A 106(17), 173001 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. L. Torlina, M. Ivanov, Z.B. Walters, O. Smirnova, Time-dependent analytical R-matrix approach for strong-field dynamics. II. many-electron systems. Phys. Rev. A 86, 043409 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  90. S.M. Hankin, D.M. Villeneuve, P.B. Corkum, D.M. Rayner, Nonlinear ionization of organic molecules in high intensity laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5082 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  91. S.M. Hankin, D.M. Villeneuve, P.B. Corkum, D.M. Rayner, Intense-field laser ionization rates in atoms and molecules. Phys. Rev. A 64, 013405 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  92. T. Koopmans, Über die zuordnung von wellenfunktionen und eigenwerten zu den einzelnen elektronen eines atoms. Physica 1(16), 104–113 (1934)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. C. Guo, M. Li, J.P. Nibarger, G.N. Gibson, Single and double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 58, R4271 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  94. A. Rudenko, B. Feuerstein, K. Zrost, V.L.B. de Jesus, T. Ergler, C. Dimopoulou, C.D. Schrter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, Fragmentation dynamics of molecular hydrogen in strong ultrashort laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38(5), 487–501 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. E. Eremina, X. Liu, H. Rottke, W. Sandner, M.G. Schuetzel, A. Dreischuh, G.G. Paulus, H. Walther, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, Influence of molecular structure on double ionization of N\(_2\) and O\(_2\) by high intensity ultrashort laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 173001 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  96. C. Guo, G.N. Gibson, Ellipticity effects on single and double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 63(4), 040701 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. L. Pei, C. Guo, Nonsequential double ionization of triatomic molecules in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 82(2), 021401 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. A.S. Alnaser, X.M. Tong, T. Osipov, S. Voss, C.M. Maharjan, P. Ranitovic, B. Ulrich, B. Shan, Z. Chang, C.D. Lin, C.L. Cocke, Routes to control of H\(_2\) coulomb explosion in few-cycle laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 183202 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  99. A.S. Alnaser, C.M. Maharjan, X.M. Tong, B. Ulrich, P. Ranitovic, B. Shan, Z. Chang, C.D. Lin, C.L. Cocke, I.V. Litvinyuk, Effects of orbital symmetries in dissociative ionization of molecules by few-cycle laser pulses. Phys. Rev. A 71, 031403 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  100. P. Dietrich, D.T. Strickland, M. Laberge, P.B. Corkum, Molecular reorientation during dissociative multiphoton ionization. Phys. Rev. A 47, 2305 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  101. X.M. Tong, Z.X. Zhao, A.S. Alnaser, S. Voss, C.L. Cocke, C.D. Lin, Post ionization alignment of the fragmentation of molecules in an ultrashort intense laser field. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38(4), 333–341 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. C. Ellert, P.B. Corkum, Disentangling molecular alignment and enhanced ionization in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 59, R3170 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  103. S. Voss, A.S. Alnaser, X. Tong, C. Maharjan, P. Ranitovic, B. Ulrich, B. Shan, Z. Chang, C.D. Lin, C.L. Cocke, High resolution kinetic energy release spectra and angular distributions from double ionization of nitrogen and oxygen by short laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37(21), 4239–4257 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. I. Litvinyuk, Alignment-dependent strong field ionization of molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 233003 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  105. J. Liu, D.F. Ye, J. Chen, X. Liu, Complex dynamics of correlated electrons in molecular double ionization by an ultrashort intense laser pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 013003 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  106. Y. Li, J. Chen, S.P. Yang, J. Liu, Alignment effect in nonsequential double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 76(2), 023401 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. X. Liu, C. Wu, Z. Wu, Y. Liu, Y. Deng, Q. Gong, Recollision-induced dissociation and ionization of oxygen in few-cycle laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 83(3), 035403 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. J. Wu, H. Zeng, C. Guo, Polarization effects on nonsequential double ionization of molecular fragments in strong laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 75, 043402 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  109. C. Guo, M. Li, J.P. Nibarger, G.N. Gibson, Nonsequential double ionization of molecular fragments. Phys. Rev. A 61(3), 033413 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Z. Wu, C. Wu, Q. Liang, S. Wang, M. Liu, Y. Deng, Q. Gong, Fragmentation dynamics of methane by few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses. J. Chem. Phys. 126, 074311 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  111. C. Wu, Z. Wu, Q. Liang, M. Liu, Y. Deng, Q. Gong, Ionization and dissociation of alkanes in few-cycle laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 75, 043408 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  112. F.A. Rajgara, M. Krishnamurthy, D. Mathur, Electron rescattering and the fragmentation dynamics of molecules in strong optical fields. Phys. Rev. A 68(2), 023407 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. V.R. Bhardwaj, D.M. Rayner, D.M. Villeneuve, P.B. Corkum, Quantum interference in double ionization and fragmentation of C\(_{6}\)H\(_{6}\) in intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 253003 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  114. F.A. Rajgara, M. Krishnamurthy, D. Mathur, Electron rescattering and the dissociative ionization of alcohols in intense laser light. J. Chem. Phys. 119(23), 12224 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. V.R. Bhardwaj, P.B. Corkum, D.M. Rayner, Recollision during the high laser intensity ionization of C\(_{60}\). Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 043001 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  116. M. Murakami, M. Tanaka, T. Yatsuhashi, N. Nakashima, Enhancement of anthracene fragmentation by circularly polarized intense femtosecond laser pulse. J. Chem. Phys. 126(10), 104304 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. T. Yatsuhashi, N. Nakashima, Formation and fragmentation of quadruply charged molecular ions by intense femtosecond laser pulses. J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 7445–7452 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  118. A. Talebpour, A.D. Bandrauk, K. Vijayalakshmi, S.L. Chin, Dissociative ionization of benzene in intense ultra-fast laser pulses. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33(21), 4615 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. D. Mathur, A.K. Dharmadhikari, F.A. Rajgara, J.A. Dharmadhikari, Molecular symmetry effects in the ionization of CS\(_2\) by intense, few-cycle laser pulses (2008), arXiv:0801.2046v1

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK

    Malte Oppermann

Authors
  1. Malte Oppermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Malte Oppermann .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oppermann, M. (2014). Molecules in Strong Laser Fields. In: Resolving Strong Field Dynamics in Cation States of CO_2 via Optimised Molecular Alignment. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05338-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation