Abstract
The transistor (the word comes from transfer and resistor and we shall soon see why) was invented and developed in the mid-twentieth century, and in 1956 the Nobel Prize for physics went to three men—Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain—for their pioneering work on what became a common and cheap device.
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Notes
- 1.
Monochromatic literally means “one color” and thus only one radiation frequency. Coherent means all the little wave pulses or photons are “in step” with each other or “in phase.”
- 2.
The arrow is reversed for the npn transistor.
- 3.
A transducer is something that leads energy across (ducere, to lead, trans, across)—and in this case it uses the piezo effect that we described on p. 48. Acoustic energy on a crystal causes voltages (i.e., microphone), and little voltages across the crystal cause vibrations (loudspeaker).
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4.1 Electronic Supplementary Materials
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Making an amplifier (WMV 32708 kb)
Making a metronome (WMV 26786 kb)
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Nightingale, D., Spencer, C. (2015). Elements of Transistors, and an Integrated Circuit. In: A Kitchen Course in Electricity and Magnetism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05305-9_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05305-9_4
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