Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, i.e., replicating viruses used for the treatment of cancer patients, have shown efficacy quite recently in large advanced clinical trials. Although originally developed to specifically infect and thereby directly destroy malignant cells by viral cytotoxicity, an important part of their therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated to currently rely on in situ induction of antitumoral immunity caused by virus replication. Therefore, application of oncolytic viruses can be considered as an immunotherapeutic approach. The interactions between the viruses and the patients’ immune systems are nevertheless multifaceted and have to be carefully analyzed and modulated to gain a synergistic effect. This chapter aims to outline the nature of oncolytic viruses with their multiple levels of interaction with the patients’ immune system, to summarize state-of-the-art developments to enhance the immunotherapeutic effect, to provide an overview over the advanced clinical trials, and to close with a short outlook.
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Acknowledgment
We thank Roberto Cattaneo (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN) for critical reading of the manuscript.
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Mühlebach, M.D., Hutzler, S. (2014). Oncolytic Viruses. In: Britten, C., Kreiter, S., Diken, M., Rammensee, HG. (eds) Cancer Immunotherapy Meets Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05104-8_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05104-8_23
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