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From Basic Immunology to New Therapies for Cancer Patients

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Book cover Cancer Immunotherapy Meets Oncology

Abstract

Paul Ehrlich obviously was fascinated by the then newly discovered adaptive immune receptor molecules able to distinguish between different infectious agents and by the plasticity of the immune system to select such receptors and to make many copies on demand. Constructing “ein Gedankengebäude” to explain the observations made by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato (1890), he not only created the term “Antikörper” (antibody) to describe such adaptive receptors but also considered the problems connected to their development within a mouse or human being, that is, the way how self-reactive antibodies are to be avoided. Presumably within this context, he hypothesized that antibodies, respectively, the immune system, should be able to somehow recognize and attack cancer cells, leading to his famous 1909 postulate of cancer immunosurveillance (Ehrlich 1909): We would have a much higher incidence of cancer without an immune system constantly chasing and destroying newly developing cancer cells. “…Würden diese (die Schutzvorrichtungen des Organismus) nicht bestehen, so könnte man vermuten, dass das Karzinom in einer geradezu ungeheuerlichen Frequenz auftreten würde.” Independently of Paul Ehrlich, and earlier, two surgeons, Wilhelm Busch (1866) in Bonn (Hartmann 2008) and William B. Coley (1893) in New York (Coley 1991), reported a positive correlation between infection and tumor regression, early hints on TLR ligands and cytokines.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Gundram Jung and Cedrik M. Britten for improving the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Hans-Georg Rammensee

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  1. Hans-Georg Rammensee
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Correspondence to Hans-Georg Rammensee .

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  1. Immunotherapy Development Center (IDC), TRON-Translational Oncology University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Cedrik Michael Britten

  2. Department of Immunotherapy Development Center, TRON-Translational Oncology University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany

    Sebastian Kreiter

  3. Department of Immunotherapy Development Center, TRON-Translational Oncology University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Mustafa Diken

  4. Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Hans-Georg Rammensee

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Rammensee, HG. (2014). From Basic Immunology to New Therapies for Cancer Patients. In: Britten, C., Kreiter, S., Diken, M., Rammensee, HG. (eds) Cancer Immunotherapy Meets Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05104-8_1

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