Abstract
The topographical anatomy of the bulbo-clitoral organ was already partially covered in the first chapters, with its morphology and structure having been observed in situ, i.e. within the external feminine genitalia. However, several points remain to be clarified and very specific connections have yet to be studied. We will discuss the connections with the vestibule, labia and greater vestibular glands; the connections with the urethra, the vagina and the perineal membrane; and finally, the relations with the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani muscles).
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Notes
- 1.
The two Bartholin’s glands are equivalent to the bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper’s glands) in men.
- 2.
This excretory duct may be double.
- 3.
The vestibular (or labio-hymeneal) sulcus separates the hymen (or its remnants, carunculae hymenales), from the labium minus. The limit between the vestibular epithelium and the epithelium of the medial surface of the labia minora is called “Hart’s line” (Fig. 4.2).
- 4.
The secretion is also produced by many very small “lesser vestibular glands” situated between the urethral and vaginal orifices and opening into the vestibule.
- 5.
Granddaughter of one of Napoleon I’s nephews, prince Pierre-Napoleon Bonaparte. She married prince Georges of Greece in 1907. She met Freud in 1925, underwent psychoanalysis with him and would become his student, friend and later his representative in Paris. She was grateful to him and enabled Freud and his family to leave Austria, under Nazi rule at the time. She also saved many Jewish intellectuals.
- 6.
The term “urinary meatus” used by Marie Bonaparte is not suitable. The author is actually referring to the “external urethral orifice” (term from the anatomical nomenclature!).
- 7.
In fact, Neubauer had already included the so-called male bridle in his anatomical drawings as early as 1784 but had not made any comments on his observation of it.
- 8.
Metoidioplasty or metaoidioplasty is a phalloplasty (plastic surgery aiming to construct a phallus in view of sex reassignment).
- 9.
It is the caudal part of the striated sphincter of the urethra, located above, pressed in a horseshoe shape against the ventral surface and the lateral surfaces of the urethra, which should be called the “urethro-vaginal sphincter”.
- 10.
The levator ani muscle marks the level where the pelvic rectum continues as the anal canal (former perineal rectum).
- 11.
The puborectal bundle can be easily perceived on the lateral walls of the vagina during vaginal examination. During examination with the aim of correcting a prolapse, the gynaecologist may evaluate the quality and tonus of the muscle by asking the examined patient to “squeeze” the examiner’s fingers.
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Di Marino, V., Lepidi, H. (2014). Relationships of the Bulbo-clitoral Organ. In: Anatomic Study of the Clitoris and the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04894-9_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04894-9_13
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