Abstract
To measure is to compare.
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Notes
- 1.
Though this is the proper spelling, in what follows, we shall refer to the international notation “Gauss”.
- 2.
Errors are always unknown, hence it might well be adequate to contract the term “unknown systematic error” to “systematic error”. Conceivably, the term unknown systematic error is due to the period when metrologists also considered “known systematic errors”, meanwhile, however, labeled corrections.
- 3.
As a zeroth measurement does not exist, the index 0 in x 0 unambiguously distinguishes the true value from the measured data x 1,x 2,x 3,….
- 4.
One might wish to multiply the relative uncertainties of the counters for gas, oil, petrol and electricity by their annual throughputs and the respective unit prices.
References
Journals
C. Eisenhart, The reliability of measured values—Part I: fundamental concepts. Photogramm. Eng. 18, 543–561 (1952)
H. Cordes, M. Grabe, Messung der Neigungsstreuung mikroskopischer Rauheiten in inkohärenten Lichtfeldern (Measurement of the mean squares slope of microscopic roughness in incoherent light fields). Metrologia 9, 69–74 (1973)
Works by the Author
M. Grabe, Über die Fortpflanzung zufälliger und systematischer Fehler. Seminar über die Angabe der Meßunsicherheit (On the Propagation of Random and Systematic Errors, Seminar on the Statement of the Measurement Uncertainty), PTB, Braunschweig, 20–21 Feb. 1978
M. Grabe, Justierung von Waagen und Gewichtstücken auf den konventionellen Wägewert, Wäge-, Mess- und Abfülltechnik, Ausgabe 6, Nov. 1977
M. Grabe, H. Cordes, Messung der Neigungsstreung an rauhen Oberflächen. Tech. Mess. 1, 40–42 (1986)
National and International Recommendations
Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Zahlenangaben, DIN 1333 (1992), Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin 30
Monographs
P. Beckmann, Elements of Applied Probability Theory (Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, 1968)
W.T. Eadie et al., Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1971)
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Grabe, M. (2014). Basic Ideas of Measurement. In: Measurement Uncertainties in Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04888-8_1
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