Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pollutant Discharge and Water Quality in Urbanisation

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology ((BRIEFSWATER))

  • 988 Accesses

Abstract

There are many kinds of technological options in water supply, sanitation and wastewater treatment. The water MDGs may be achievable in 2015, however, the sanitation MDGs may be hard to be achieved. Therefore, low-cost sanitation is necessary especially in the critical regions. In this chapter, some alternatives for the conventional wastewater treatment and sanitation systems in the concept of low-cost sanitation are explained to consider the methods to develop appropriate municipal wastewater treatment systems. Some typical wastewater treatment planning schemes in Japan will also give some suggestions to developing countries especially with larger MDG sanitation indicator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Both diarrhoea and diarrhoea are used in this manuscript mostly based on the source references.

  2. 2.

    The words are described in English in the preface article of Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment in Japanese.

  3. 3.

    The words are also described in English in the preface article.

References

  • Asia-Pacific Water Forum (2009) Welcome to regional network for water knowledge hubs! http://www.apwf-knowledgehubs.net/

  • Bartram J, Lewis K, Lenton R, Wright A (2005) Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health. Lancet 365:810–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Checkley W, Gilman RH, Black RE, Epstein LD, Cabrera L, Sterling CR, Moulton LH (2004) Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community. Lancet 363:112–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrhardt D, Groom E, Halpern J, O’Connor S (2007) Economic regulation of urban water and sanitation services: some practical lessons. World Bank, Washington, DC, p 36. Water Sector Board Discussion Paper Series, Paper No. 9. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWSS/ResourcesWS9_EconReg_C.pdf. Accessed 7 April 2010

  • Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM Jr (2005) Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 5(1):42–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franceys R, Pickford J, Reed R (1992) A guide to the development of on-site sanitation. WHO, Geneva, p 229. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsan/onsitesan/en/

  • Harada H (2010) Clear and present danger: collapse of water environment in developing regions, and its restoration by appropriate technology. Jpn Soc Water Environ 32(9):1. (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoque BA, Juncker T, Sack RB, Ali M, Aziz KM (1996) Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up. Bull World Health Organ 74(4):431–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton G, Hallur L (2004) Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation improvements at the global level, water, sanitation and health, protection of the human environment. WHO, Geneva, p 87

    Google Scholar 

  • Infrastructure Development Institute, Japan (2004) Guidelines for low-cost sewerage systems in developing countries (draft), p 270. (in Japanese and in English)

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan Sanitation Consortium (2009) Reference material: Japan Sanitation Consortium (JSC) will be established. http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000050452.pdf. Accessed 9 April 2010. (in Japanese)

  • Katayama T (2006) Johkasou in the world. Presentation material for 19th Specialist Meeting on Johkasou, Wastes and Recycle Section, Central Environment Council, 22 Sept 2006. (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitao T (2006) Structure and maintenance of small johkasou. Japan Education Centre for Environment Sanitation, Tokyo, p 196. (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lofrano G, Brown J (2010) Wastewater management through the ages: a history of mankind. Sci Total Environ. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.062

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyonnaise Des Eaux (1998). Alternative solutions for water supply and sanitation in areas with limited financial resources, prepared for UNEP

    Google Scholar 

  • Mara D (1996a) Low-cost sewerage. Wiley, New York, p 238

    Google Scholar 

  • Mara D (1996b) Low-cost urban sanitation. Wiley, New York, p 240

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan G, Jacobi P, Songsore J, Surjadi C, Kjellen M (2001) The citizens at risk: from urban sanitation to sustainable cities (Risk, Society and Policy Series). Earthscan Publication Ltd, London, p 240

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan (2006) Japan announces a new ODA Initiative: “Water and Sanitation Broad Partnership Initiative” (WASABI). http://mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2006/3/0320.html

  • Ministry of the Environments, Japan (2006) Minutes of 19th Specialist Meeting on Johkasou, Wastes and Recycle Section, Central Environment Council, 22 Sept 2006. (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman J, Pradhan M, Rawlings L, Riddder G, Coa R, Evia JL (2002) An impact evaluation of education, health and water supply investments by the Bolivian Social Investment Fund. The World Bank Economic Review 16(2):241–274. Cited in Poulos et al. (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman GM, Gravani RB (2006) Principles of food sanitation, 5th edn. Springer, New York, p 413

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh H (2005) Research on johkasou technology transfer in China: case study of Harbin City. Master Thesis of Toyo University, Japan. (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattanayak SK, Yang JC, Patil S, Poulos C, Jones K, Kleinau E, Corey C, Kwok R (2005) Environmental Health Impacts of Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions in Rural Maharashtra, India. Study Protocol, Submitted to The World Bank. Cited in Poulos et al. (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulos C, Pattanayak SK, Jones K (2006) A guide to water and sanitation sector impact evaluations. The World Bank, Washington, p 44. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/383704-1146752240884/Doing_ie_series_04.pdf

  • Prüss A, Kay D, Fewtrell L, Bartram J (2002) Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environ Health Perspect 110:537–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serageldin I (1994) Water supply, sanitation, and environmental sustainability: the financing challenge. The World Bank, Washington, p 42. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1994/11/01/000009265_3970716143355/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf

  • Sewerage Business Management Centre, Japan (2008) Sewerage business management centre homepage. http://www.sbmc.or.jp/english/index.html

  • Shifrin NS (2005) Pollution management in twentieth century. J Environ Eng ASCE 131:676–691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuzuki Y (2010a) Chapter 5: Domestic wastewater pollutant discharge and pollutant load water quality in the ambient water in developed and developing countries. In: Ertuð K, Mirza I (eds) Water quality: physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Nova Science Publishers Inc, New York, pp 125–164 (277 pages), ISBN: 978-1-60741-633-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuzuki Y (2010b) Municipal wastewater pollutant discharge reduction with community participation in the Yamato-gawa River Basin, Japan, International Water Association (IWA) Specialist Group on Diffuse Pollution Newsletter No. 31. http://www.iwahq.org/Home/Networks/Specialist_groups/List_of_groups/Diffuse_Pollution. Accessed Sept 2010

  • Tsuzuki, Y. (2011) Chapter 6: Sanitation Development and Roles of Japan, 179–202, in Joel M. McMann ed. Potable Water and Sanitation, Nova Science Publishers Inc, New York, p 266. ISBN: 978-1-61122-319-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuzuki Y, Koottatep T, Rahman MM, Ahmed F (2008a) Water quality in the ambient water and domestic wastewater pollutant discharges in the developing countries: possibility of combined johkasou exports, Joukasou Kenkyu. J Domest Wastewater Treat Res 20(1):1–13. (in Japanese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsuzuki Y, Koottatep T, Ahmed F, Rahman MM (2008b) Domestic wastewater pollutant discharge and pollutant load in the tidal area of the ambient water in developing countries: survey results in autumn and winter in 2006. J Global Environ Eng 13:121–133, Japan Society of Civil Engineers. http://www.wsscc.org/resources/resource-publications/water-quality-and-pollutant-load-ambient-water-and-domestic

  • UNICEF and WHO (2012) Progress on drinking water and sanitation 2012, p 59

    Google Scholar 

  • UN Water (2008) Fact sheet 2: sanitation generates economic benefit. http://esa.un.org/iys/docs/IYS%20Advocacy%20kit%20ENGLISH/Fact%20sheet%202%20pdf. Accessed 10 April 2010

  • Water Supply and Sanitation Collaboration Council and World Health Organisation (2005) Sanitation and hygiene promotion: programming guidance, p 84

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2000) Global water supply and sanitation assessment 2000 Report, p 80

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation (2010) Progress on sanitation and drinking-water: 2010 Update, p 60. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/9789241563956/en/index.html

  • World Health Organisation (2004) Water, sanitation and hygiene links to health: Facts and figures updated. http://www.who.it/water_sanitation_health/publications/facts2004/en/index.html. Accessed Nov 2004

  • World Water Assessment Programme (2009) The united nations world water development report 3: water in a changing world. UNESCO and Earthscan, p 349. http://www.unesco.org/water/wwdr/wwdr3/side_publications.shtml

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Yoshiaki Tsuzuki

Authors
  1. Yoshiaki Tsuzuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshiaki Tsuzuki .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tsuzuki, Y. (2014). Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries. In: Pollutant Discharge and Water Quality in Urbanisation. SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04756-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation