Water Quality in the Rivers and Coastal Areas

Abstract

One of the main purposes of water quality monitoring is to evaluate water quality conformity against the water quality standards especially for administrative purposes. Moreover, water quality monitoring data can be applied to estimate and evaluate pollutant load in the river. Chronological water quality alternations and vertical water quality profiles in the water bodies are also important to taking into account the effects of land-based pollutants on coastal sea and estuary water quality. Pollutant load per capita flowing into water body (PLC_wb) is an index to evaluate pollutant load per person in the catchment or river basin flowing into ambient water body such as coastal zones, bays and lakes. Pollutant discharge per capita (PDC) is an index to evaluate per capita pollutant discharge. Pollutant generation per capita (PGC) is an index to quantify per capita pollutant generation. Pollutant discharge calculators are tools to estimate pollutant discharge reduction effects by soft measures in households. These indicators and pollutant discharge calculators can illustrate the relationship between pollutant discharge and water quality in the catchment scale. Relationships between pollutant discharge and water quality are explained in this book in consideration with these indicators and urban development. Contents of this book are (1) water quality in the rivers and coastal areas, (2) pollutant load and water quality, (3) soft measures in households, (4) relationship between economic development and pollutant discharge per capita (PDC), (5) municipal wastewater pollutant discharge control, and (6) water and sanitation in developing countries.