Abstract
The effect of chronic restraint stress and chronic hypokinesia “without stress” on the ultrastructure of central and lateral nuclei of amygdala, CA1 and CA3 area of the hippocampus, cingular cortex, nucleus caudatus and motor cortex of adult male rats were elucidated. In some neurons and synapses of abovementioned regions pathological modifications were revealed. More significant alterations provokes chronic restraint stress. Alterations are mostly concentrated: first—in the nuclei of amygdala, then in the CA1 and CA3 areas. Moderate alterations were observed in cingular cortex and nucleus caudatus. In comparing with it, hypokinesia “without stress” provokes only moderate modifications: predominantly in the nucleus caudatus, in lesser degree—in the hippocampus and amygdalae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S. Beretta, Cortico-amygdala circuits: role in the conditioned stress response. Stress 8, 221–232 (2005)
C. Chotiwat, E. Kelso, R. Harris, The effects of repeated restraint stress on energy balance and behavior of mice with selective deletion of CRF receptors. Stress 13, 203–213 (2010)
D. Christoffel, S. Golden, D. Dumitriu et al., I\(\kappa \)B kinase regulates social defeat stress-induced synaptic and behavioral plasticity. J Neurosci 31, 314–321 (2011)
G. Carrasco, L. van de Kar, Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress. Eur J Pharmacol 453, 235–272 (2003)
R. Carter, S. Pinnock, J. Herbert, Does the amygdala modulate adaptation to repeated stress? Neurosci 126, 9–19 (2004)
E. Fuchs, G. Flugge, Chronic social stress: effects on limbic brain structures. Physiol. Behav. 79, 417–427 (2003)
B. McEwen, Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiol. Rev. 87, 873–904 (2007)
R. Admon, G. Lubin, O. Stern et al., Human vulnerability to stress depends on amygdala’s predisposition and hippocampal plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106, 14120–14125 (2009)
H. Cousijn, M. Rijpkema, S. Qin et al., PNAS 107, 867–9887 (2010)
M. Zhvania, in Neurochemistry: Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Aspect (eds. A. Teelken and J. Korf) 1996, pp. 299–232
M. Zhvania, N. Japaridze, M. Ksovreli et al., The neuronal porosome complex in mammalian brain: a study using electron microscopy, in NanoCell Biology—Multimodal Imaging in Biology and Medi cine, ed. by B. Jena, D. Taatjes (Pan Stanford Publishing, Singapore, 2013)
R. Kvetnansky, E. Sabban, M. Palkovits, Catecholaminergic systems in stress: structural and molecular genetic approaches. M. Physiol. Rev. 89, 535–606 (2009)
G. Rotoli, G. Grignol, W. Hu et al., Catecholaminergic axonal varicosities appear to innervate growth hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the human hypothalamus: the possible morphological substrate of the stress-suppressed growth. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 606–611 (2011)
S. Spencer, T. Day, Role of catecholaminergic inputs to the medial prefrontal cortex in local and subcortical expression of Fos after psychological stress. J. Neurosci. Res. 78, 279–288 (2004)
V. Beltran-Campos, R. Prado-Alcala, U. Leon-Jacinto et al., Increase of mushroom spine density in CA1 apical dendrites produced by water maze training is prevented by ovariectomy. Brain Res 1369, 119–130 (2011)
M. Coulon, C. Wellman, I. Marjara et al., Early adverse experience alters dendritic spine density and gene expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in lambs. J Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, 1112–1121 (2013)
D. Diamond, A. Campbell, C. Park et al., Influence of predator stress on the consolidation versus retrieval of long-term spatial memory and hippocampal spinogenesis. Hippocampous 16(7), 571–576 (2006)
M. Zhvaniia, Effect of social isolation on the ultrastructure of the dog brain. Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 96, 10–17 (1989)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhvania, M.G., Japaridze, N.J., Ksovreli, M.G. (2014). Effect of Different Forms of Hypokinesia on the Ultrastructure of Limbic, Extrapyramidal and Neocortical Areas of the Rat Brain: Electron Microscopic Study. In: Polychroniadis, E., Oral, A., Ozer, M. (eds) International Multidisciplinary Microscopy Congress. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 154. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04639-6_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04639-6_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-04638-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-04639-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)