Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Future of Civil Litigation pp 97–119Cite as

The Many Ways of Civil Mediation in Norway

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Norway has been considered a forerunner in the field of civil mediation among the Nordic countries. Settlement and working for amicable solutions have had a predominant place in Norwegian civil litigation for centuries. The Dispute Act from 2008 emphasize dispute resolution as a main function of the courts and as a duty for parties. There are indeed five different types of dispute resolution mechanisms called “mediation” in the Act. In addition, the National Mediation Service s offer civil mediation. These six forms of “mediation” are presented and compared in this text. The picture is confusing as the forms of mediation are partly overlapping and based on three different ideas and offered by three different government organizations. Some of the forms of mediation are in fact not mediation at all when compared to the idea of facilitative, interest-based mediation presented in mediation literature. Instead, they are judicial settlement activities. Court-connected mediation is based on the idea of facilitative interest-based mediation but often practiced as an abbreviated trial or as nonbinding mini-arbitration. The variation in the way court-connected mediation is practiced adds to the complexity of the Norwegian mediation landscape and makes choosing the most appropriate type of dispute resolution hard for lawyers and parties alike.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Kjelland-Mørdre et al. (2008), pp. 91–92, Vindeløv (2007), p. 98, Kovach (2004), p. 47, Moore (2003), p. 8, Fuller (1971), p. 325, Menkel-Meadow (2004), p. 98 and Imperati et al. (2007), pp. 652–653.

  2. 2.

    For a discussion on the definition of mediation see, e.g. Riskin (1996), Kovach and Love (1998), Love and Kovach (2000), Lande (1997), Oberman (2008) and Menkel-Meadow (1997).

  3. 3.

    Fuller (1971), Menkel-Meadow (2005, 2004), p. 98.

  4. 4.

    Menkel-Meadow (2000, 2005).

  5. 5.

    Moore (2003), pp. 61–66, Kovach (2004), side 46 and Mayer (2000), side 198–211

  6. 6.

    Menkel-Meadow (1991), p. 36, Nolan-Haley (1998), p. 1373, Riskin (1982), pp. 29–60, Riskin and Welsh (2008) and Macfarlane (2008), pp. 125–190.

  7. 7.

    Moore (2003), pp. 252–269, Kovach (2004), pp. 179 ff. and Fisher et al. (2011).

  8. 8.

    Welsh (2001), Nolan-Haley (1999, 2009).

  9. 9.

    Moore (2003), pp. 66–70, Kovach (2004), pp. 244–258, Golann (2009), pp. 145–147 and Vindeløv (2007), pp. 101–102.

  10. 10.

    Moore (2003), pp. 288–289 and Vindeløv (2007), p. 24.

  11. 11.

    See e.g. Kovach (2004), pp. 6–18 and Moore (2003), pp. 6–14. See also Chap. 14 in this volume.

  12. 12.

    Kovach (2004), pp. 442–445.

  13. 13.

    See Adrian (2012) and Mykland (2010). In Finland results are seldom creative, see Ervasti (2011), p. 102.

  14. 14.

    Vindeløv (2007), pp. 18–19.

  15. 15.

    Menkel-Meadow (2012), Macfarlane (2002), Moore (2003), p. 56, Riskin (1984), p. 336, Menkel-Meadow (1991), pp. 1–3 and Lande (2007), pp. 640–658.

  16. 16.

    Menkel-Meadow (2012), Nolan-Haley (1998, 1999).

  17. 17.

    Vindeløv (2007), p. 2 and 14–16, Adrian (2012), pp. 33–39, Bernt (2011), pp. 100–101 and Sunde (2005), pp. 222–224.

  18. 18.

    Christie (1977).

  19. 19.

    Lande (1997), p. 841 and Galanter (1985), p. 1.

  20. 20.

    Statistikk (2012).

  21. 21.

    Eide and Gjertsen (2009), pp. 6–7.

  22. 22.

    Holmboe (2002), pp. 22–23.

  23. 23.

    Holmboe (2002), pp. 35 and 77.

  24. 24.

    Økt bruk av konfliktråd. Rapport fra arbeidsgruppe som har vurdert rettslige og praktiske tiltak for mer bruk av gjenopprettende prosess. Arbeidsgruppe nedsatt av Justis- og politidepartementet (2011), p. 101.

  25. 25.

    Statistics received from the Norwegian Ministry of Justice, on file with author.

  26. 26.

    For more details see Rønning et al. (2008).

  27. 27.

    Also see Bernt (2011).

  28. 28.

    See also Bernt 2011.

  29. 29.

    NOU (2001): 32, pp. 214–229 and Ot.prp. nr. 51 (2004–2005), pp. 113–125.

  30. 30.

    Mykland (2010), Mykland and Schei (2007), Mykland et al. (2009), and Knoff (2001).

  31. 31.

    Mykland (2010).

  32. 32.

    NOU (2001): 32, pp. 218–230, Ot.prp. nr. 41 (1995–1996) Om lov om endringer i tvistemålsloven (rettsmekling) pp. 2–7, Ot.prp. nr. 51 (2004–2005), pp. 112–126.

References

  • Adrian L (2012) Mellem retssag og rundbords samtale: retsmægling i teori og praksis. Jurist- og Økonomforbundets forlag, København

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernt C (2011) Meklerrollen ved mekling i domstolene. Fagbokforlaget, Bergen

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie N (1977) Conflicts as property. Br J Criminol 17:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Eide A, Gjertsen H (2009) Med ! eller?. http://nordlandsforskning.no/files/Rapporter%202009/rapp_14_09.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2013

  • Ervasti K (2011) Tuomioistuinsovittelu Suomessa. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimuksia 256, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher R, Ury W, Patton B (2011) Getting to yes, 3 rev.th edn. Penguin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller L (1971) Mediation – its forms and functions. South Calif Law Rev 44:305–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Galanter M (1985) ‘… A Settlement Judge, not a Trial Judge:’ Judicial Mediation in the United States. J Law Soc 12:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golann D (2009) Mediating legal disputes. ABA Publishing, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmboe M (2002) Konfliktrådsloven. 4. Utgave. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo

    Google Scholar 

  • Imperati S, Brownmiller D, Marshall D (2007) If Freud, Jung, Rogers, and Beck were mediators, who would the parties pick and what are the mediator ’s obligations. Idaho Law Rev 43:643–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjelland-Mørdre K, Rolland A, Steen K, Gammelgård P, Anker C (2008) Konflikt, mekling og rettsmekling. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoff R (2001) Evalueringa av prøveordningen med rettsmekling. In: NOU 2001: 32 Appendix 3, pp 1133–1207

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovach K (2004) Mediation . Principles and practice, 3rd edn. West, St. Paul, MN

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovach K, Love L (1998) Mapping mediation : the risks of Riskin’s Grid. Harv Negotiation Law Rev 3:71–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Lande J (1997) How will lawyering and mediation practices transform each other? Florida State Univ Law Rev 24:839–901

    Google Scholar 

  • Lande J (2007) Principles for policymaking about collaborative law and other ADR practices. Ohio State J Dispute Resolution 22:619–706

    Google Scholar 

  • Love L, Kovach K (2000) ADR: an eclectic array of processes, rather than one eclectic process. J Dispute Resolution 2000:295–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Macfarlane J (2002) Mediating ethically. Osgoode Hall Law J 40:49–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Macfarlane J (2008) The new lawyer. UBC Press, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer B (2000) Beyond neutrality . Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (1991) Pursuing settlement in an adversary culture . Florida State Univ Law Rev 19:1–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (1997) When dispute resolution begets disputes of its own. UCLA Law Rev 44:1871–1933

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (2000) Mothers and fathers of intervention: the intellectual founders of ADR. Ohio State J Dispute Resolution 16:1–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (2004) Remembrance of things past? The relationship of past to future in pursuing justice in mediation . Cardozo J Confl Resolution 5:97–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (2005) Roots and inspirations: a brief history of the foundations of dispute resolution. In: Moffitt M, Bordone R (eds) The handbook of dispute resolution. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp 13–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow C (2012), American report: informal, formal and “Semi-Formal” justice in the United States. In: MaleshinD (ed) Civil procedure in cross-cultural dialogue: Eurasia context. Statut, Moscow, pp 90–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore C (2003) The mediation process, 3rd revised and updated edn. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Mykland S (2010) Særmøter som rasjonelle myter? Tidsskrift Rettsvitenskap 123:288–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Mykland S, Schei V (2007) Effektiv mekling: Kan større problemfokus gi mindre problemer? Kart og Plan 100:253–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Mykland S, Rognes J, Sky P, Hoddevik C, Laskemoen L (2009) En studie av rettsforlik i norske tingretter. Kart og Plan 102:237–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan-Haley J (1998) Lawyers, clients, and mediation . Notre Dame Law Rev 73:1369–1390

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan-Haley J (1999) Informed consent in mediation . Notre Dame Law Rev 74:775–814

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan-Haley J (2009) Mediation exceptionality. Fordham Law Rev 78:1247–1264

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU (2001): 32 Rett på sak. Lov om tvisteløsning (tvisteloven)

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberman S (2008) Style vs. model: why quibble? Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law J 9:1–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Ot.prp. nr. 41 (1995–1996) Om lov om endringer i tvistemålsloven (rettsmekling)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ot.prp. nr. 51 (2004–2005) Om lov om mekling og rettergang i sivile tvister (tvisteloven)

    Google Scholar 

  • Riskin L (1982) Mediation and lawyers. Ohio State Law J 43:29–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Riskin L (1984) Towards new standards for the neutral lawyer in mediation . Arizona Law Rev 29:329–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Riskin L (1996) Understanding mediators’ orientations, strategies, and techniques. Harv Negotiation Law Rev 1:7–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Riskin L, Welsh N (2008) Is that all there is?: ‘The problem’ in court-oriented mediation . George Mason Law Rev 15:863–932

    Google Scholar 

  • Rønning K, Siljeholm W, Reusch C, Røed D, Taralsrud L (2008) Forliksrådet. 2. Utgave, Fagbokforlaget, Bergen Statistikk (2012) http://www.konfliktraadet.no/Documents/Sekretariatet/Statistikk/Statistikk2012.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2013

  • Sunde J (2005) Speculum legale – rettsspegelen. Fagbokforlaget, Bergen

    Google Scholar 

  • Vindeløv V (2007) Mediation : a non-model. Djøf Publishing, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh N (2001) The thinning vision of self-determination in court-connected mediation . Harv Negotiation Law J 6:1–96

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

    Anna Nylund

Authors
  1. Anna Nylund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Nylund .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. JPS, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden

    Laura Ervo

  2. Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

    Anna Nylund

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nylund, A. (2014). The Many Ways of Civil Mediation in Norway. In: Ervo, L., Nylund, A. (eds) The Future of Civil Litigation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04465-1_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation