Skip to main content

Panic Attacks and Other Dissociative Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Standard EEG: A Research Roadmap for Neuropsychiatry
  • 1529 Accesses

Abstract

Panic disorder (PD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders. According to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, PD affects around 2 % of the adult population (Markowitz et al. 1989). Panic attacks can be disabling and may lead to agoraphobia with devastating psychosocial and economic consequences. The identification of the etiology of these attacks is important for the proper management of the disorder.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abraham HD, Duffy FH (1991) Computed EEG abnormalities in panic disorder with and without premorbid drug abuse. Biol Psych 29:687–690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alemayehu S, Berger GK, Barry E, Krumholz A, Wolf A, Fleming CP, Frear EJ Jr (1995) Panic attack as ictal manifestations of parietal lobe seizures. Epilepsia 36:824–830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beaudry P, Fontain R, Chouinard G, Annable L (1985) An open clinical trial of clonazepam in the treatment of patients with recurrent panic attacks. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiat 9:589–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutros NN, Gjini K, Moran J, Chugani H, Bowyer S (2013) Panic vs epilepsy; a challenging differential diagnosis. In Press, Clin EEG and Neurosciences

    Google Scholar 

  • Bystritsky A, Leuchter AF, Vapnik T (1999) EEG abnormalities in nonmedicated panic disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 187(2):113–114

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dantendorfer K, Frayer D, Kramer J, Amering M, Baischer W, Berger P, Schoder M, Steinberger K, Windhaber J, Imhof H, Katsching H (1996a) High frequency of EEG and MRI brain abnormalities in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 68:41–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dantendorfer K, Frey R, Maierhofer D, Saletu B (1996b) Sudden arousal from slow wave sleep and panic disorder: successful treatment with anticonvulsants— a case report. Sleep 19:744–746

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O, Putnam F, Grafman J, Bromfield E, Theodore WH (1989) Dissociative states and epilepsy. Neurology 39:835–840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edlund MJ, Swann AC, Clothier J (1987) Patients with panic attacks and abnormal EEG results. Am J Psychiat 144:508–509

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enoch MA, Rohrbaugh JW, Davis EZ, Harris CR, Ellingson RJ, Anderson P, Moore V, Varner JL, Brown GL, Eckardt MJ, Goldman D (1995) Relationship of genetically transmitted alpha EEG traits to anxiety disorders and alcoholism. Am J Med Genet 60:400–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallinat J, Hegerl U (1999) Limbic ictus as a condition for anxiety attacks. Der Nervenartzt 70:206–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genton P, Bartolomei F, Guerrini R (1995) Panic attacks mistaken for relapse of epilepsy. Epilepsia 36:48–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gloor P, Olivier A, Quesney LF, Andermann F, Horowitz S (1982) The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 12(2):129–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goddard AW, Charney DS (1997) Toward an integrated neurobiology of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiat 58 Suppl 2:4–11 (discussion 11–2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guay DR (1995) The emerging role of valproate in bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy 15:631–647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunmit RJ (1994) The Epilepsy Handbook, 2nd edn. Raven press, New York, p 4–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Handal NM, Masand P, Weilburg JB (1995) Panic disorder and complex partial seizures: a truly complex relationship. Psychosomatics 36:498–502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi K, Makino M, Hashizume M, Nakano K, Tsuboi K (2010) Electroencephalogram abnormalities in panic disorder patients: a study of symptoms characteristics and pathology. BioPsychSocial Med 4:9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilz MJ, Dütch M, Perrine K (2001) Hemispheric influence on autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. Ann Neurol 49:275–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huppertz HJ, Franck P, Korinthenberg R, Schulze-Bonhage A (2002) Recurrent attacks of fear and visual hallucinations in a child. J Child Neurol 17(3):230–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabourian AP, Erlich M, Desvignes C, el Hadjam M, Bitton R (1992) Panic attacks and 24-h ambulatory EEG monitoring. Ann Med Psychol 150:240–244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keele NB (2005) The role of serotonin in impulsive and aggressive behaviors associated with epilepsy-like neuronal hyperexcitability in the amygdala. Epilepsy Behav 7(3):325–335

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DO, Helmers SL, Steingard RJ, Demaso DR (1997) Case study: seizure disorder presenting as panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Am Acad Child Adolsc Psychiat 36(9):1295–1298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepola U, Nousiainen U, Puranen M, Riekkinen P, Rimon R (1990) EEG and CT findings in patients with panic disorder. Biol Psychiat 28:721–727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macrae D (1954) On the nature of fear, with reference to its occurrence in epilepsy. J Nerv Ment Dis 120(5–6):385–393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz JS, Weissman MM, Ouellett R (1989) Quality of life in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 46:984–992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNamara ME, Fogel BS (1990) Anticonvulsant-responsive panic attacks with temporal lobe EEG abnormalities. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2:193–196

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meletti S, Tassi L, Mai R, Fini N, Tassinari CA, Russo GL (2006) Emotions induced by intracerebral electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe. Epilepsia 47(Suppl 5):47–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mesulam MM (1981) Dissociative states with abnormal temporal lobe EEG. Arch Neurol 38:176–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen DK, Nguyen DB, Malak R, Bouthillier A (2009) Insular cortex epilepsy: an overview. Can J Neurol Sci 36(Suppl 2):S58–S62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nickell PV (1994) Panic attacks, complex partial seizures, and multiple meningiomas. Anxiety 1:40–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Pariente D, Lepine JP, Lellouch J (1991) Life time history of panic attacks and epilepsy: an association from a general population survey. J Clin Psychiatry 52:88–89

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reid TL, Raj BA, Sheehan DR (1988) Ictal panic/epileptogenic activity: treatment with primidone. The Academy of psychosom med 29(4):431–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Saeggusa S, Takahashi T, Moriya J, Yamakawa J, Itoh T, Kusaka K, Kawaura K, Kanda T (2004) Panic attack symptoms in a patient with left temporal lobe epilepsy. J Int Med Res 32:94–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sazgar M, Carlen PL, Wennberg R (2003) Panic attack semiology in right temporal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 5:93–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Signer SF (1988) Seizure disorder or panic disorder? Amer J Psychiat 145(2):275–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spitz MC (1991) Panic disorder in seizure patients: a diagnostic pitfall. Epilepsia 32:33–38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein MB, Uhde TW (1989) Infrequent occurrence of EEG abnormalities in panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146:517–520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toni C, Cassano GB, Perugi G, Murri L, Mancino M, Petracca A, Akiskal H, Roth SM (1996) Psychosensorial and related phenomena in panic disorder and in temporal lobe epilepsy. Compr Psychiatry 37:125–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uhde TW, Boulenger JP, Roy-Byrne PP, Geraci MF, Vittone BJ, Post RM (1985) Longitudinal course of panic disorder: clinical and biological considerations. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 9(1):39–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhde TW, Stein MB, Post RM (1989) Lack of efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of panic disorder. Am J Psychiat 145:1104–1109

    Google Scholar 

  • Weilburg JB, Schachter S, Worth J, Pollack MH, Sachs GS, Ives JR, Schomer DL (1995) EEG abnormalities in patients with atypical panic attacks. J Clin Psychiatry 56:358–362

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weilburg JB, Schachter S, Worth J, Pollack MH, Sachs GS, Ives JR, Schomer DL (1993) Focal Paroxysmal EEG changes during atypical panic attacks. J Neuropsychiatry 5:50–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windhaber J, Maierhofer D, Dantendorfer K (1997) Oxcarbazepine for panic disorder occurring after two grand mal seizures: a case report. J Clin Psychiatry 58:404–405

    Google Scholar 

  • Young GB, Chandarana PC, Blume WT, McLchlan RS, Munoz DG, Girvin JP (1995) Mesial temporal lobe seizures presenting as anxiety disorders. J Neuropsychiat Clin Neurosci 7:352–357

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nash N. Boutros .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Boutros, N.N. (2013). Panic Attacks and Other Dissociative Disorders. In: Standard EEG: A Research Roadmap for Neuropsychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04444-6_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics