Abstract
Linear elastic fracture mechanics provides a consistent framework to evaluate quantitatively the energy flux released to the tip of a growing crack. Still, the way in which the crack selects its velocity in response to this energy flux remains far from completely understood. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we experimentally studied damage and dissipation processes that develop during the dynamic failure of polymethylmethacrylate, classically considered as the archetype of brittle amorphous materials. We evidenced a well-defined critical velocity along which failure switches from nominally-brittle to quasi-brittle, where crack propagation goes hand in hand with the nucleation and growth of microcracks. Via postmortem analysis of the fracture surfaces, we were able to reconstruct the complete spatiotemporal microcracking dynamics with micrometer/nanosecond resolution. We demonstrated that the true local propagation speed of individual crack fronts is limited to a fairly low value, which can be much smaller than the apparent speed measured at the continuum-level scale. By coalescing with the main front, microcracks boost the macroscale velocity through an acceleration factor of geometrical origin. We discuss the key role of damage-related internal variables in the selection of macroscale fracture dynamics.
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Acknowledgments
We warmly thank K. Ravi-Chandar (Univ. of Texas, Austin) for many illuminating discussions. We also thank T. Bernard (SPCSI) for technical support, P. Viel and M. Laurent (SPCSI) for gold deposits, and A. Prevost (ENS, Paris) for his help with the profilometry measurements at ENS. We also acknowledge funding from French ANR through Grant No. ANR-05-JCJC-0088 and from Triangle de la Physique through Grant No. 2007-46.
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Bonamy, D., Dalmas, D., Guerra, C., Scheibert, J. (2014). Damage mechanisms in the dynamic fracture of nominally brittle polymers. In: Bigoni, D., Carini, A., Gei, M., Salvadori, A. (eds) Fracture Phenomena in Nature and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04397-5_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04397-5_8
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