Skip to main content

Macrosocial Network Analysis: The Case of Transnational Drug Trafficking

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Social Networks ((LNSN))

Abstract

The social network perspective is a fruitful way to understand criminal organizations. Most analyses are based on networks of relations between individuals or small groups of individuals. Yet contextual (or macrosocial) factors may be crucial for a complete understanding of criminal activity. This chapter aims to put criminal activity in the larger context in which it takes place. More precisely, it is argued that country-level features may complicate or facilitate legitimate business as well as criminal activities. A brief review of the literature on macrosocial network analysis and a framework for the study of transnational criminal activities are provided. Various sources of information are described and commented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Most of these works did not use network analysis techniques although they employ network-related vocabulary.

  2. 2.

    The data is compiled through the “Significant drug seizure report” and available on the UNODC website. The UNODC defines thresholds of significant quantities used as 1 kg or more for marijuana and 100 g or more for cocaine and heroin.

  3. 3.

    Based on a systematic review of information contained in 48 annual reports and country overviews published by the UNODC, the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (BINLEA), the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), and the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).

References

  1. Adams J (2012) The rise of research networks. Nature 490:335–336

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anthony R, Fries A (2004) Empirical modelling of narcotics trafficking from farm gate to street. B Narcotics LVI(1–2):1–55

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aronowitz AA (2001) Smuggling and trafficking in human beings: the phenomenon, the markets that drive it and the organizations that promote it. Eur J Crim Policy Res 9(1):163–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Balcan D, Gonçalves B, Hu H et al (2010) Modeling the spatial spread of infectious diseases: the global epidemic and mobility computational model. J Comput Sci 1:132–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boivin R (2011) The flip side of legitimate markets: an empirical analysis of transnational drug trafficking. Paper presented at the 11th annual conference of the European society of criminology, Vilnius, Sept 2011

    Google Scholar 

  6. Boivin R (2013) Risks, prices, and positions: a social network analysis of illegal drug trafficking in the world-economy. Int J Drug Policy

    Google Scholar 

  7. Boivin R (2014) Drug trafficking networks in the world-economy. In: Morselli C (ed) Crime and networks. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bouchard M (2007) On the resilience of illegal drug markets. Glob Crime 8(4):325–344

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Calhoun CJ (2002) Dictionary of the social sciences. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  10. Carrington PJ (2011) Crime and social network analysis. In: Scott J, Carrington PJ (eds) The SAGE handbook of Social network analysis. Sage Publications, London, pp 236–255

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chandra S, Barkell M (2013) What the price data tell us about heroin flows across Europe. Int J Comp Appl Crim Just 37(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chandra S, Barkell M, Steffen K (2011) Inferring cocaine flows across Europe: evidence from price data. J Drug Policy Anal 4(1):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chouvy PA (2010) Opium: uncovering the politics of the poppy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  14. de Benedictis L, Tajoli L (2009) The world trade network. Working paper

    Google Scholar 

  15. Everton S (2012) Disrupting dark networks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Farrell G, Mansur K, Tullis M (1996) Cocaine and heroin in Europe 1983–1993: a cross-national comparison of trafficking and prices. Brit J Criminol 36(2):255–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Field V, Gautret P, Schlagenhauf P et al (2010) Travel and migration associated infectious diseases morbidity in Europe, 2008. BMC Infect Dis 10:330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Figueira D (2006) Cocaine and heroin trafficking in the Caribbean, vol 2. The case of Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela. iUniverse, Lincoln

    Google Scholar 

  19. Goh K, Cusick ME, Valle D et al (2007) The human disease network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 104(21):8685–8690

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gootenberg P (2006) Cocaine in chains: the rise and demise of a global commodity, 1860–1950. In: Topik S, Marichal C, Frank Z (eds) From silver to cocaine: Latin American commodity chains and the building of the world economy, 1500–2000. Duke University Press, Durham and London, pp 321–351

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Gould RV, Fernandez RM (1989) Structures of mediation: a formal approach to brokerage in transaction networks. Sociol Methodol 19:89–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Granovetter M (1985) Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. Am J Sociol 91(3):481–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Huisman M, van Duijn MAJ (2011) A reader’s guide to SNA software. In: Scott J, Carrington PJ (eds) The SAGE handbook of Social network analysis. Sage Publications, London, pp 578–600

    Google Scholar 

  24. Karch SB (2006) A brief history of cocaine, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kilmer B, Pacula RL (2009) Estimating the size of the global drug market: a demand-side approach: report 2. Rand Corporation, Santa Monica

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kim S, Shin EH (2002) A longitudinal analysis of globalization and regionalization in international trade: a social network approach. Soc Forces 81(2):445–471

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Mahutga MC (2006) The persistence of structural inequality? A network analysis of international trade, 1965–2000. Soc Forces 84(4):1863–1889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. McGloin JM, Kirk DS (2010) Social network analysis. In: Piquero AR, Weisburd D (eds) Handbook of quantitative criminology. Springer, New York, pp 209–224

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Morselli C (2009) Inside criminal networks. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Morselli C, Giguere C, Petit K (2007) The efficiency/security trade-off in criminal networks. Soc Netw 29(1):143–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Paoli L, Greenfield VA, Reuter P (2009) The world heroin market: can supply be cut?. Oxford University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. Quinn T (1994) Population migration and the spread of types 1 and 2 human immunodeficiency viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci 91:2407–2414

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013) World drug report. http://www.unodc.org/wdr/. Accessed 15 Jul 2013

  34. Van Rossem R (1996) The world-system paradigm as general theory of development: a cross-national test. Am Sociol Rev 61(3):508–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wallerstein I (1974) The modern world-system I: capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the sixteenth century. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wallerstein I (1979) The capitalist world-economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wilson L, Stevens A (2008) Understanding drug markets and how to influence them. Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Pierre Tremblay and Carlo Morselli for their comments on previous versions of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rémi Boivin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Boivin, R. (2014). Macrosocial Network Analysis: The Case of Transnational Drug Trafficking. In: Masys, A. (eds) Networks and Network Analysis for Defence and Security. Lecture Notes in Social Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04147-6_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics