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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Neurological Disorders pp 175–206Cite as

Neurochemical Aspects of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress

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Abstract

Oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between ROS and RNS production and the ability of the cells to eliminate them, is caused by the production of high levels of ROS and RNS. Enhanced production of ROS and RNS play a critical role in molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration is caused not only by ROS and RNS-mediated damage to neural membrane phospholipid, proteins, and nucleic acids, but also by the generation of variety of ARA-derived toxic lipid aldehyde species such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), acrolein, and malondialdehyde, IspP, IsoF, and IsoK. Lipid mediators like 4-HNE contain more than one functional group, which can participate in Schiff base formation and/or Michael addition reactions. 4-HNE and its glutathione conjugates have been shown to regulate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 via signaling through various protein kinase cascades. Neurodegeneration is also promoted by enhanced formation of peroxynitrite

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    Akhlaq A. Farooqui

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Farooqui, A. (2014). Neurochemical Aspects of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. In: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Neurological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04111-7_6

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